1. Hydrologic Cycle

3. Sand porosity and permeability

4. Fig. 19.06 W. W. Norton Shallow aquifer Confining bed/ aquitard Deeper aquifer

5. Fig. 19.07 a Unsaturated zone

6. Fig. 19.11 W. W. Norton HUMID CLIMATE Important to identify recharge areas!!!! Do not pollute them!

7. Gaining Stream

8. Losing stream ARID CLIMATE

9. Fig. 19.13 W. W. Norton

10. Determine which way Groundwater flows Determine location of Recharge/discharge areas

11. Cone of depression

12. Fig. 19.15 a W. W. Norton

13. Fig. 19.15 b W. W. Norton

14. Fig. 19.15 c W. W. Norton

17. Fig. 19.22 a, b W. W. Norton

19. South Florida before pumpingSouth Florida after pumping

20. Fig. 19.06 W. W. Norton AQUIFER TYPES Confining bed

21. Confined/artesian aquifer Note: aquiclude = confining bed!

23. Fig. 19.16 c W. W. Norton The potentiometric surface is a pressure surface It’s the level to which water will rise in your well!

25. Flooding due to subsidence in Indonesia

26. Fig. 19.09 W. W. Norton

28. Unit Conversions Common units used to measure water are: cfs (cubic feet per second) gallons acre-foot inches (in precip gage) Need to be able to convert between them

29. Acre-foot 1 acre-foot = 43,560 ft 2 /acre x 1 foot = 43,560 ft 3 How many gallons is this???

30. Cubic feet  gallons 7.48 gallons = 1 ft 3 43,560 ft 3 x 7.48 gal/1 ft 3 = 325,829 gal

31. Length-Area-Volume L vs. L 2 vs. L 3 1 ft 2 12 inches 12 inches x 12 inches = 144 in 2 =1 ft 2

32. Length-Area-Volume L vs. L2 vs. L3 1 ft 3 12 inches 12 in x 12 in x 12 in = 1728 in 3 = 1 ft 3

33. CRATER LAKE Surface area = 579,348,000 ft 2 Avg. ann. Precip = 68 in. What volume of precip. is added to the lake in acre-feet each year? 1)Need to convert units to make them consistent. It’s easiest to convert Feet to acre-feet, so let’s convert inches to Feet! 68 in x 1 foot /12 inches = 68/12 feet = 5.67 ft 2) Calculate volume of precip. in ft3 by multiplying Surface area of lake x depth of precip. 579,348,000 ft 2 x 5.67 ft = 3,284,903,160 ft 3 3) Convert ft 3 to acre-ft 3,284,903,160 ft 3 x 1 ac-ft/43,560 ft 3 = 75,411 acre-ft/year from ppt.