1. 1 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. WAN Technologies Based on CCNA 4 v3.1 Slides Compiled & modified by C. Pham

2. 222 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Wide-area Networks (WANs)

3. 333 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Metropolitan-Area Network (MANs)

4. 444 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Path Determination

5. 555 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Internetworking Any internetwork must include the following: Consistent end-to-end addressing Addresses that represent network topologies Best path selection Dynamic or static routing Switching

6. 666 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Router: core of WAN technologies Routers send packets from one interface/network to another ©cisco

7. 777 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. WAN Topology Star TopologyFull-Mesh Topology Partial-Mesh Topology

8. 888 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Router Internal Components

9. 999 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Router Internal Components

10. 10 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Internal Components of a 2600 Router

11. 11 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. External Connections on a 2600 Router

12. 12 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Router External Connections

13. 13 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Computer or Terminal Console Connection

14. 14 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Modem Connection to Console or Auxiliary Port

15. 15 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. WAN Technology

16. 16 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. WAN Service Providers

17. 17 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Physical Layer: WANs

18. 18 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. WAN Types

19. 19 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Router Serial WAN Connectors

20. 20 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. DCE Serial Connections

21. 21 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. WAN Line Types and Bandwidth

22. 22 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CSU/DSU

23. 23 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Modem Transmission

24. 24 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. WAN Standards

25. 25 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. WAN Encapsulation

26. 26 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. WAN Data-Link Protocols

27. 27 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Circuit Switching

28. 28 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Packet Switching

29. 29 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. WAN Link Options

30. 30 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. WAN Link Options

31. 31 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Analog Dialup

32. 32 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ISDN

33. 33 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ISDN Router with standard serial interface, connected to a terminal adapter Router with native ISDN BRI U or S/T interface or PRI

34. 34 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Leased Line Leased lines are not only used to provide direct point-to-point connections between Enterprise LANS, they can also be used to connect individual branches to a packet switched network.

35. 35 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. WAN with X.25 X.25 provides a low bit rate, shared-variable capacity that may either be switched or permanent

36. 36 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Frame Relay Most Frame Relay connections are based on PVCs rather than SVCs. It implements no error or flow control. This leads to reduced latency. Frame Relay provides permanent shared medium bandwidth connectivity that carries both voice and data traffic.

37. 37 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a technology capable of transferring voice, video, and data through private and public networks. It is built on a cell based architecture rather than on a frame-based architecture.

38. 38 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. DSL DSL uses existing twisted-pair telephone lines to transport high-bandwidth data DSL service is considered broadband, as it uses multiple frequencies within the same physical medium to transmit data

39. 39 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ADSL Technology Splitter The local loop connects the splitter to the DSLAM DSLAM connected to ISP using ATM technology Voice and data use separate frequency ranges (voice 0-4Khz, data 20Khx – 1Mhz)

40. 40 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cable Modem Enhanced Cable Modems enable two- way. High speed data transmissions using the same coaxial lines that transmit cable television.

41. 41 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cable Data Network Architecture

42. 42 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Modern WAN

43. 43 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. WANs Operate at the Lower Three Levels of the OSI Model

44. 44 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Comparing WAN Traffic Types

45. 45 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Steps In WAN Design

46. 46 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Three-Layer Design Model The links connecting the various sites in an area that provide access to the enterprise network are called the access links or access layer of the WAN. Traffic between areas is distributed by the distribution links, and is moved onto the core links for transfer to other regions, when necessary.

47. 47 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Advantages of the Hierarchical Approach Scalability: networks can grow without sacrificing control or manageability Ease of Implementation: clear functionality at each layer Ease of troubleshooting: Isolation of problems in the network is easier Predicatability network modelling and caapacity plannng easier Protocol Support: mixing current and future applications and protocols is easier Manageability: all the above improve the manageability of the network

48. 48 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Internet for WAN Connectivity

49. 49 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. One-Layer Hierarchy

50. 50 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Using the Internet as an Enterprise WAN Enterprise WANs will have connections to the Internet. This poses security problems but also provides an alternative for inter-branch traffic. VPN technologies can solve security issues

51. 51 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. TCP/IP Model

52. 52 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Encapsulation

53. 53 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Summary