1. 1970’s Rock ‘n’ roll had become big business Recording sessions more elaborate Performances become more staged Thanks to the sheer scale of the industry, rock’s identity as an outsider’s art form had never been so precarious

2. 1980’s We will watch a video, “Up from the Underground” What are the major musical styles and who are the main contributors?

3. 1980’s What was the operating philosophy of MTV? What is its significance? How did rock re-invent itself in the 1980s? In what ways were the videos of Devo and the Eurythmics a breakthrough? What is the race barrier? How did “Billie Jean” cross it? How does Run DMC change rap music? To what degree does Madonna’s steamy video “Justify my Love” show the limitations of music videos? Why is Lollapalooza important to the history of rock? How do “alternative” rock with its outspoken and unkept musicians relate to music as a business, an industry?

4. The 1980’s Rock Videos and MTV Radio vs. Cable MTV debut Aug. 1, 1981 Vee-jays Friday Night Videos

5. The 1980’s Technological Developments Cassette tapes vs Compact Discs By 1983 ca. 50% of total profits came from cassette sales ($3.78 billion) Walkmans

6. Michael Jackson

7. Thriller biggest selling album of all time Over 45 million sold Transitions from Jackson Five to solo artist

8. Thriller Mini-film vs. promotional video “White only” policy changes Elaborate staging Sophisticated special effects Plot Innovative choreography

9. Thriller Uniquely recognizable bass riff Strong backbeat and vocals Slowly rising melody climaxes on title creating tension Superior production values

10. Bruce Springsteen

11. Born to Run, 1975 Lyrics are arguably poetic Frustrations, confusions, dreams and disappointments of average working-class person Themes of unemployment, social issues, Vietnam vets, rage and frustration against “the establishment”

12. Born to Run Double-time drum flourish Transitions to saturated 8- beat rhythm –Would come to typify punk and new wave Whole band lays down driving rock beat Simple guitar riff

13. Born to Run Thickens texture with sax No subtlety Little or no syncopation Memorable riff Basic I IV V harmonies –Wanders into distant harmonies as song progresses

14. Born in the USA Strong story line Simple riffs and rhythms Subtle details –“Sent me off to a foreign land/to go and kill the yellow man” Heavy backbeat –Electronic enhancement –Resembles a rifle shot

15. Born in the USA Riff becomes title phrase but organic unity throughout –Doubles with high piano line Other instruments layer in and out Riff and backbeat ever- present even thoughout drum solo

16. Madonna

17. Madonna Borderline Essentially un-original music Simple rhythms and synthesized sounds grafted to pop style Sounds up-to-date because of layered texture 16 beat rhythm

18. Madonna Borderline Melody and harmonies traditional and simple Verse could be late 60’s or early 80’s Chorus echoes 50’s teen pop

19. Like a Prayer Keeps same basic approach Very simplistic Begins with string of jarring juxtapositions Guitar figures with quasi-hard metal sound Religious accompaniment –choir and organ

20. U2

21. U2 Gloria General characteristics true for much of U2’s music in the 1980’s Four textures –Low –Middle –High –Vocal

22. Gloria Repeated notes at 8-beat speed in bass Beat-keeping on bass drum (low) Angular guitar line moving at 8-beat speed (high) Strong bass, wide range Insistent drum patterns

23. Gloria Little syncopation –Mostly in irregular accents on Edge’s guitar line Chorus –Bass stops persistent beat –Drums shift to disco beat –Guitar less relentless –More harmonic activity –Higher register

24. Gloria Bono’s vocals meant to evoke a choirboy –Reverberation sounds like a cathedral Extended instrumental interlude (ca. 2:20) 8-beat bass added to 16-beat drums and choked guitar

25. Gloria Trademark sounds –“Open sound” –Wide registral spacing –Prominent timekeeping at 8- and 16-beat levels –Relentless guitar and bass

26. Gloria Trademark sounds –“Open sound” –Wide registral spacing –Prominent timekeeping at 8- and 16-beat levels –Relentless guitar and bass

27. I Still Haven’t Found What I’m Looking For What does the song mean?