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1 Atmospheric Limits to Precision William van Altena Yale University Basic Astrometric Methods Yale University July 18-22, 2005
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2 Point Spread Functions before the Atmosphere
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3 Diffraction Rings & the Secondary Mirror
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4 Encircled Energy
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5 Corrugated Wavefront
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6 Refraction in the Atmosphere
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7 Refraction as f(
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8 Refraction - second order effects
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9 Effective Wavelength
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10 Transmission & Sensitivity Curves
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11 Spectral Energy Distributions
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12 Atmospheric Turbulence
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13 Temperature Fluctuations
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14 Degradation Function
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15 Degradation Function ~ Gaussian
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16 Turbulence Scale Length
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17 Zenith Distance
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18 Air Mass
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19 Image Motion - Lick Observatory Seeing ~1” ~2”
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20 The Observables
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21 How Adaptive Optics Works
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22 Natural Guide Stars
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23 Artificial Guide Stars
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24 Multi-Node Guide Stars
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25 WIYN Tip-Tilt Module First Order Adaptive Optics
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26 Tip-Tilt Corrections
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27 Image Motion - Two Cases
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28 Total Image Motion
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29 Relative Image Motion
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31 Precision Limits due to Atmosphere
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