1. Immigration and Urbanization
I. Introduction
II. Immigration
A. Types
1. “Old” Immigrants—
2. “New” Immigrants—
3. Asian Immigrants—
B. Motivations--Famine, Revolution, Repression, Labor
C. Experiences--Work, Discrimination
III. Urbanization
A. Growth--Extent, Causes
B. The Crisis--Poverty, Crime, Health, Disasters
C. The Reaction

2. “Old” Immigrants Irish Family, 1850 Liverpool Docks, 1850
Sen. Carl Shurz,

3. “New” Immigrants Jewish Garment Italian Grocers, 1915 Workers, 1914
Polish Church, 1918

4. Asian Immigrants Chinese Population in the United States 1860: 35K

5. Motivations Famine-- Irish Potato Blight, 1849
Revolution-- Germany, 1848
Repression-- Pogroms, Draft
Labor Migration--
Gold Rush, 1849
Padrone System,

6. Immigrant Workers
 Nationalities at Duquesne Steel Mill, 1919

7. “Irish Power,” Puck, April 3, 1889
Nativism
“Irish Power,” Puck, April 3, 1889

8. Nativism
“Hands off, Gentlemen! America means Fair Play for All Men,” Harper’s Weekly, February 18, 1871

9. Urbanization Population grows to over 100M
Growth rate higher in cities and towns

10. Urbanization Americans living in city over 10,000 pop. 1820-- 5%% %
Big Cities
NYC grows from 1M to 4.7M
Chicago grows from 298K to 2.1M

11. Poverty 1/3 of NYC took some charity during the previous decade
In 1889, the city arrested 612 persistent beggars.

12. Poverty Whole families in one tenement room
Neighborhoods in Chicago with three-times the density of Calcutta and Tokyo

13. Vice Police protect saloons, brothels, opium dens, and gambling houses
Denver Saloon with prostitutes, 1895

14. New York Street before cleaning
Health and Safety
New York Street before cleaning

15. Health and Safety Pittsburgh had highest typhoid rate in the world
“Typhoid Mary” Mallon
Irish immigrant, 1910s
Typhoid carrier
Defies NY health officials by cooking
people
Fuels anti-immigrant sentiment

16. Galveston Flood (1900)--6,000 die (16% of pop.)
Urban Disasters
The Chicago Fire (1871)--300 dead; 90,000 homeless
Galveston Flood (1900)--6,000 die (16% of pop.)

17. New York Street after cleaning
Reform?
New York Street after cleaning