2. Major Tissue Types Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue Tissues are groups of cells with a common function.

3. Germ Layers 1.Endoderm 2.Mesoderm 3.Ectoderm All tissue types are derived from 3 primary germ layers

5. internal lining of the gut and respiratory pathways, liver, pancreas 1.Endoderm- internal lining of the gut and respiratory pathways, liver, pancreas notochord (in chordates), dermis, blood vessels, heart, bones, cartilage, muscle 2.Mesoderm- notochord (in chordates), dermis, blood vessels, heart, bones, cartilage, muscle hair, nails, epidermis, brain, nerves 3.Ectoderm- hair, nails, epidermis, brain, nerves

6. Tight Junction fluid tight seal prevents fluid from leaving a cavity Anchoring Junction (adherens, desmosome & hemidesmosome) tissues that stretch, ex. Heart muscle Gap Junction passage of chemical & electrical signals Contact points between the plasma membrane of tissue cells.

7. Gap Junction HemidesmosomeDesmosome Adherens Tight Junction

8. Epithelia comes in 2 forms: 1.Glandular epithelia 2.Membranous epithelia Functions: Protection Absorption Filtration Excretion Secretion Sensory reception

9. Multicellular exocrine gland: most have supportive connective tissue, secretory unit, blood supply, nerves Merocrine- pancreas, sweat glands, salivary Holocrine- sebaceous Apocrine- sweat glands, mammary glands ducted glands Merocrine gland Holocrine gland

10. Unicellular exocrine gland: single cells scattered in an epithelial sheet amid cells w/other functions Goblet cells

11. Lg intestine Sweat glands Gastric Sebaceous Cowper’s MammaryAcinar of pancreas Liver

12. Secretes product directly directly in blood Secretes product through duct

14. Simple Squamous Epithelium Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Simple Columnar Epithelium Stratified Epithelium Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Transitional Epithelium

16. Function: gas exchange in lungs Location: lines blood vessels, lymph vessels and various membranes within the thorax and abdomen

17. Frog skin

18. Function: secretion and absorption Location: kidney tubules

19. Mammalian kidney

20. Function: protection, secretion and absorption (associated w/goblet cells-exocrine) Location: lines uterus and digestive tract

21. 1. Smooth muscle (long. layer) 2. Smooth muscle (circ. layer) 3. Simple columnar epithelium 4. Goblet cell 5. Lumen of the intestine Cross section of small intestine

22. Function: protects underlying cells from harmful env. effects Location: covers skin, lines mouth and throat, vagina, and anal canal

23. 1. Stratified squamous epithelium 2. Lumen of the esophagus 3. Connective tissue Cross section of esophagus

24. cornified layer of dead cells stratified squamous epithelium

25. goblet cell Function: secretion and propulsion of mucus Location: lines respiratory and reproductive system

26. Function: protection and secretion Location: rare in body, small amount in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands

27. Function: stretches Location: lines ureters, bladder and part of urethra

28. Loose Connective TissueLoose Connective Tissue Dense Connective TissueDense Connective Tissue Adipose TissueAdipose Tissue CartilageCartilage BoneBone BloodBlood

29. Functions: 1.Connects body parts 2.Protection 3.Insulation 4.Transport substances Common characteristics: 1.All originate from mesenchyme 2.Well vascularized 3.Extracellular matrix Three main elements: 1.Ground substance 2.Fibers 3.Cells

30. Ground Substance: Water Polysaccharide Protein

31. Fibers: Reticular Elastic Collagen

32. Cell Types: Fibroblast Chondroblast Osteoblasts Macrophages Plasma Cells Mast Cells Adipocytes White Blood Cells

34. Embryonic Connective Tissue

35. Loose Connective Tissue (areolar) 1. Collagen fiber 2. Elastic fiber Subcutaneous layer underlying tissues & organs

36. Location: lymphoid organs- spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow

37. Stores triglycerides Good insulator Supports & protects organs

39. Forms tendons & ligaments

40. Cross section of tendon

41. In fascia and periosteum of bone Dermis of skin

43. Costal cartilage between ribs

44. chondrocytes in lacunae elastic fibers

45. chondrocyte in lacuna collagen fibers Invertebral discs, pubic symphysis, disks of knees

46. compact bone spongy bone

48. osteocytes in lacunae central canal canaliculi in matrix

49. erythrocytes leukocytes

50. Skeletal Muscle Tissue Smooth Muscle Tissue Cardiac Muscle Tissue

58. Biology 100 Human Biology

59. Inquiry 1.What is the difference between the three types of muscle tissue? 2.What type of epithelia tissue has many layers of flattened cells? 3.What layer in the epidermis are new skin cells produced? 4.What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands? 5.Which organ system includes the thymus and pancreas?