1. Belle/KEB status & plans +plans for Super-KEKB/Belle
P5 meeting
SLAC 10/5/05
S.L. Olsen
U. of Hawai’i
φ1, φ2, φ3; penguins; new particles;…
+plans for Super-KEKB/Belle

2. The KEKB Collider (8 x 3.5 GeV, X angle)
L=(1.6 x 1034)/cm2/sec Int(L dt)= 469 fb On- resonance~420fb-1
KEKB Collider

3. Status of Asymmetric B Factories
Used this summer
KEKB
Ldt  2(t/14mo)
PEP-II

4. Normal injection Continuous injection
661/pb/day
1182 pb/day

5. collaboration

7. Detector performance Pt resolution (s in %)
M(p0) resolution (s in MeV)
(Bp+p-: s(DE)21MeV)
(Bp0p0: sM(p0)8MeV)
4.5MeV
0.3%
1 GeV/c
100MeV
1 GeV

8. Particle ID in Belle
~80%
~8%

9. SVD Occupancy SVD2 L~1.6x1034 → L~5x1034 cm-2s-1 ??? ~10% ~4% ~2%
Present : layer 1 of SVD
~10% occupancy / 200 Krad.yr-1
SVD2
L~1.6x1034 → L~5x1034 cm-2s-1 ???

10. DAQ upgrades Faster signal processing with CMS chip in SVD
(Silcon vertex det.)
w/o
Event Builder
Upgrade
New pipelined data
Acquisition system (COPPER)
Present operation

11. The B Factory Physics Program
1) Measure of Fundamental SM Params:
CKM elements & phases
2) Search for New Physics:
look for evidence of new particles in loops
3) Unanticipated new phenomena:
large s(e+e-cccc), X(3872),Y(3940),..
4) + lots of “bread & butter”
hc’, cc2’, D**,Sc*, t -physics, spin frag-fcn,…
Warning: I can only give a few small tastes from this rich & flavorful menu

12.  V*2 td sin21 from BfCP + BBfCP interf. J/y B0 KS J/y B0 B0 KS
Sanda, Bigi & Carter:
J/y
Vcb B0 KS 
V*2 td
J/y V*
Vtb td B0 B0 KS
Vtb V* td

13. Principle of CPV Measurement
(B0 or B0 ?)
J/ (r+)
fCP
KS (r-) z
t=0
B - B
B + B
more B’s
more B’s
t  z/(cβγ)
= (1-2w)sin21
= (1-2w)sin21

14. _ 2005: B0  J/y K0 w/386 M BB pairs B0  J/y KS B0  J/y KL
B0  J/y KL
Nsig = 5264
Purity 98 %
CP odd
Nsig = 4792
Purity 60 %
CP even
J/Psi KL Efficiency is improved ~25%

15. CP side:s(Dt)0.5ps
tag side:s(Dt)0.9ps

16. BG subtracted distributions_
2005: B0  J/y K0
sin2f1= ±0.039 (stat) ±0.020 (syst)
A = ±0.026 (stat) ±0.036 (syst)
B0 tag
B0 tag _
BG subtracted distributions
(good tag region)
previous result
sin2f1=  0.061
(152 M BB pairs) _
consistent ~1.2s

17. f1 measurement f1~70o f1~20o f1 2-fold ambiguity 2f1  p-2f1 ? sin2f1

18. B0  D0h0 Belle’s New Method for Direct measurement of f1_
B0  D0h0 Belle’s New Method for Direct measurement of f1
(D0  KSp+p-)
AB0D0h0(Dt) =
M(KSp-)
M(KSp+)
f-+
cos(DMDt/2)
M(KSp+)
M(KSp-)
f+-
-ei2f1 hh0
sin(DMDt/2)

19. Reconstruction of B0  D[KSp+p-]h0_
Reconstruction of B0  D[KSp+p-]h0
D0 p0
D0 w
D0 h
D*0 p0, h
Nsig = 157 ±24
purity : 59%
Nsig = 67 ±10
purity : 86%
Nsig = 58 ±13
purity : 60%
Nsig = 27 ±11
purity : 52%
D*0  D0 p0
D*  D0 pi0
D*pi0 :
D*eta :
TOTAL
Nsig = 309 ±31
purity : 63%

20. Time-Dependent Dalitz fit results
Belle preliminary
Final state
f1 (o)
D0 p0
11 ± 26
D0 w, h
28 ± 32
D*0 p0, h
25 ± 35
combined
16 ±21(stat) ±11(syst)
-30o < f1 < 62o
(95% C.L.)

21. Implications of Time-dependent Dalitz analysis
Consistent with B0J/yK* results
cos2f1 = 0.87 ±0.75, hep-ex/
f1~70o ?
Disfavored
>2s
sin2f1
(^_^) ?
f1~20o f1
2-fold ambiguity
resolved !

22. Experimental Situation for B+ - in 2004
Belle 152 M BB
BABAR 227M BB
with 372±32 B0→p+p− events
with 467±33 B0→p+p− events
hep-ex/
PRL 93, (2004)
5.2s CPV,
First evidence for DCPV (3.2σ)
Also ~3.2s difference between Belle and BaBar

23. DE-Mbc 2D fits to individual time intervals
2005 results: Bkg subtracted B+ - projections
B0 tagged
B0 tagged
4s signal for Direct CPV
p+p− Yield
p+p− ACP
&
DE-Mbc 2D fits to individual time intervals
Dt (ps)

24. 2005: Status of B+ - - App App Spp
Belle 275M
Spp
BABAR 227M
~2.3s difference between Belle and BABAR
- App
(Cpp )
Spp

25. Belle’s measurement of ACP(B0 0 )
hep-ex/
published in PRL
275M BBbar pairs

26. CPV in B0 r+r B(r0r0) << B(r+r), B(r+r0)
Similar to Bp+p, but in principle more complicated …
B  VV: not a single CP eigenstate
r+  p+p0: wide resonance, two 0’s in the final state.
Three miracles:
fL ~ 100%  CP » +1
B()NR and int. small
B(r0r0) << B(r+r), B(r+r0)
<  (26  6 ) x (HFAG Winter05) 2q
A+-/ 2
small Penguin pollution (q )
A00
A+0

27. B0 r+r signal B = 24.4 2.2 x 10-6 fL= 0.951   275M BB  Mpp
continuum
b  c
signal
b  u
B = 24.4 2.2 
x 10-6
Mpp
3.8
4.1
Helicity
continuum
continuum
signal
r pp
fL=  
0.033
0.039
0.029
0.031
[Belle-CONF-0545]

28. 2005: Belle Results on CPV in B+-
Preliminary (274  106 BB pairs)
q=1
q=-1
Results:
Low quality
tag
High quality
tag
No CPV φ2 is near 900

29. Belle Constraints on 2 (α)
B only
B [hep-ex/ ] &  combined
at 90% CL
at 90% CL

30. f3 () measurement + 2(a) 3(g) 1(b) * Vud Vub Simple mixing CPV
Vtd Vtb
Vcd Vcb
Vud Vub *
Simple mixing CPV
 f3 (with Bd ) +
Tree u b s c W B + d D0 K+
Vus 
Vcb
Tree u b c s W B + d K+ D0
Vcs 
Vub
fCOM
fCOM _
O(l3)
O(l3)
Interference of bc and bu diagrams

31. Belle method for f3: Dalitz
3) fCOM = D0  KSp+p-
B+: r
obtain
from
tagged D0
(D*+ D0p+)
sample
B-: r
|A2|
|A1|
r =
CPV: Asymmetry in Dalitz dist.:
m+=m(Ksp+), m-=m(Ksp-)

32. BD(*) K(*), DKS +- 275M BB 209 D0K D*0K D0K* 58 36 [D0p0]
signal
D0K
D*0K
D0K* 58
signal 36
signal
[D0p0]
[hep-ex/ ]
[hep-ex/ ]

33. f3 Results (Belle and BaBar)
[hep-ex/ , ]
f3 = 63  deg. 15 13
[hep-ex/ ]
(Non-trivial constraint)

34. Current status Simplistic(?) summation: f1+ f2+ f3  182o  ~20o
CPV angles only:
η=0.321±0.027
=0.193±0.57
consistent with constraints from measmts of lengths of sides only:
η=0.342±0.022
=0.216±0.036
Simplistic(?) summation: f1+ f2+ f3  182o  ~20o

35. SM with KM ansatz works remarkably well for tree-level processes

36. SM: sin2f1 = sin2f1 from BJ/y KS (bc c s)
Next step: use bs penguins
Example:
no KM phase f1 *
Vtd
, h’, K+K-
, h’, K+K- + B B *
Vtd f1 _
SM: sin2f1 = sin2f1 from BJ/y KS (bc c s)
unless there are other, non-SM particles in the loop
eff

37. How New Physics contributes to bs
Many new phases are possible in SUSY
New physics in loops?
“Internal Penguin”

39. Belle 2005:

40. Significant CP Violation in a bs penguin mode!!

41. recent QCD factorization estimates :
>>all systematically below sin(2b)
>>QCD corrections : sin2b(penguin)>sin2b(tree)
Many bs modes were studied:
recent QCD factorization estimates :
[Beneke, hep-ph/ ]
[Cheng,Chua,Soni, hep-ph/ ]
sin2φ1(penguin)-sin2φ1(tree)

42. sin2f1(penguin) = 0.50  0.06 (HFAG’s “naïve average”)
0.4-

43. B Kl +l - K*l +l -
EW penguins
(loops with virtual
t’s, W’s, & Z’s)

44. 1st measurement of AFB(BK* l l)
Interference btw  and Z
AFB (Kl +l -) = 0.09  0.14 (stat)
AFB(K*l +l - ) = 0.56  0.13 (stat)
already rules out some new physics scenarios

45. First Observation of bd 
signal qq
K*g
other B _
Addresses the same physics issue as Bs- Bs mixing (future Tevatron RunII goal).

46. Same physics as Bs mixing
Implications of Belle’s observation of bd 
Same physics as Bs mixing r
68%CL
95%CL
Full UT fit
New version: purely cosmetic changes

47. new mesons, many puzzles! not seen in s(e+e-hadrons)
bonuses:
new mesons, many puzzles!
Z(3931)
cc2’?
hc’
X(3872)
Y(3940)
not seen in s(e+e-hadrons)
at Ecm =4.26 GeV
e+e-cccc
Y(4260)
Y(4260)
???
hc”??
M(wJ/y) MeV

48. Future

49. KEKB near term During the recent summer shutdown (2005)
one more RF station for ARES cavity (a klystron, low level control …) in HER (to be named as D5E)
Increase of the HER beam current by about 150mA
One RF station costs about 2 Oku-yen.
new movable masks in LER: Cu head
solenoids for electron cloud
Upgrade the 50 power supplies for solenoid coils (3A -> 5A)
test of thin coils inside quadrupole magnets
3.5  3.27 (lower?) bucket spacing?
Crab cavity (Jan 2006)
A crab cavity for the purpose of raising the beam-beam parameters is scheduled to be installed in each ring at the beginning of 2006.

50. Comparison of Specific Luminosity
3.5 bucket spacing
3.77 bucket spacing

51. Crab crossing in Jan 2006 ξy Head-on (crab) crossing angle 22 mrad
Crab crossing may boost the beam-beam parameter up to 0.19 !
(Strong-weak simulation) ◊ ξy
K. Ohmi
Head-on (crab)
(Strong-strong simulation)
crossing angle 22 mrad
Superconducting crab cavities are under development, will be installed in KEKB in early 2006.
K. Hosoyama, et al

52. Lumiinosity projections for KEKB
Lpeak = 1.61034 cm-2s-1
Ltot = 469fb-1
~1010 BB/year !!
& similar number of t+t-
world records !
Major upgrade of
KEKB & Belle detector
(>1yr shutdown)
SuperKEKB
crab
cavities
Lpeak (cm-2s-1)
Lint
1.6x1034
469 fb-1
5x1034
~1 ab-1
5x1035
~10 ab-1

53. SuperKEKB: 2010 Interaction Region Crab crossing New Beam pipe
q=30mrad.
by*=3mm
New QCS
New Beam pipe
More RF power
Ante-chamber & solenoid coils
to reduce photo-electron clouds
Damping ring
Linac upgrade

54. Bkg & TRG rate in future x20 Bkg KEKB SuperB Luminosity ~1 50
(1034cm-2sec-1) ~1 50
HER curr. (A)
LER curr. (A)
vacuum (10-7Pa)
1.2
1.6
~1.5
4.1
9.4 5
Bkg increase -
x 20
TRG rate (kHz)
phys. origin
Bkg origin
0.4
0.2 14 10 4
x10 Bkg
KEKB
Bkg
SVD
CDC
PID / ECL
KLM
Shynchrotoron radiation
Beam-gas scattering (inc. intra-beam scattering)
Radiative Bhabha

55. Belle tracking with 20x background
Bkg x 20
now
4 Higher background ( 20)
4 Higher event rate ( 10)
4 Require special features
radiation damage and occupancy
fake hits and pile-up noise in the EM
Issues:
- higher rate trigger, DAQ and computing
low p m identification f smm recon. eff.
hermeticity f n “reconstruction”

56. Belle Upgrade for Super-B
SC solenoid
1.5T
New readout and computing systems
CsI(Tl) 16X0
g pure CsI (endcap)
Aerogel Cherenkov counter
+ TOF counter
“TOP” or DIRC
Si vtx. det.
4 lyr. DSSD
g 2 pixel/striplet lyrs. + 4 lyr. DSSD
Tracking + dE/dx
small cell + He/C2H5
remove inner lyrs.
fast gas+Si r<20 cm
m / KL detection
14/15 lyr. RPC+Fe
g tile scintillator

57. CKM Unitarity Triangle at
50 ab-1
f1(trees)
f1(penguins) (indiv. Modes)

58. AFB(BK l+ l-)[q2] at Super Belle
Assume 1 year of running at 5x1035/nb/sec
 5/ab integrated luminosity, 10 billion B mesons!!
At present, ~0.46/ab
DA9/A9~11%, DA10/A10~13%
A7 fixed to SM value
AFB K*ll with 5/ab
Donut : B(BXsll) with140/fb + 100/fb
C10NP
Belle Toy MC with 5/ab
C9NP
Determine location of the zero crossing

59. Possible schedule for Super B
J-PARC 1 construction
ILC construction
Construct.
fund
T2K
SuperKEKB const.
Operation
fund
Crab cavity
KEKB
machine
SuperKEKB
KEKB
>1000fb-1
“Major” upgrade
Belle
“Minor” upgrade
2004 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Calendar year

60. budget for Super B
J-PARC construction
ends here

61. A “balanced” world program for HEP
n experiments,
gm-2, mgeg, etc.
LHC, ILC
Mass spectrum,
interactions
n mass and mixing,
CPV, and LFV
Energy frontier
Lepton sector
New
physics
Quark sector
LFV,
t CPV
Flavor mixing,
CP phases
Super B factory,
LHCb, K experiments etc.

62. Final comment
The most important single contributing element to whatever success Belle & KEKB has had to date has been the stimulating & enervating competition with BaBar and PEP-II.
Belle & KEKB people sincerely hope this very productive competition will continue.

63. Backup Slides

64. .“Observation” of Direct CP violation in BK- +
One more nail in the Superweak coffin.

65. (hadronic bd s s processes)
Evidence for BK0 K _
(hadronic bd s s processes)
fb-1
Measurements of B K0 K0 CPV at Super B will be possible.

66. Super KEKB parameters