1. Class #3 Baroque Music, part 2 –George Frideric Handel 1685-1759

2. JS Bach…… "[Handel] is the only person I would wish to see before I die, and the only person I would wish to be, were I not Bach."

3. George Frideric Handel German-born composer of Italian, French, and German styles catering to English audiences

4. George Frideric Handel Studied in Italy International career Impresario and theater owner Made and lost a fortune London and the Royal Academy of Music

5. Halle, (West) Germany

6. Handel’s Vocal Music 42 operas 29 oratorios 129 Cantatas Expanded role of the chorus

7. Handel’s Instrumental Music Prolific composer of instrumental music Orchestral suites –Water Music –Music for the Royal Fireworks

8. HWV numbers Händel-Werke-Verzeichnis –(abbreviated as HWV) Catalogue of Handel's Works –London HomeLondon Home

9. Handel’s Instrumental Music

10. Baroque Instruments Instrument designs were improved Finest violins in history came from shops of Stradivarius Guarneri Amati

11. The Baroque Orchestra Violin strings made of gut Woodwinds made of wood valveless, or “natural” Horns and trumpets Hornstrumpets Timpani

12. Baroque Keyboard Instruments Organ Harpsichord Clavichord harpsichord

13. The Baroque Sonata Written for 1–8 instruments Most often: two violins and continuo Handel Trio sonata 1. Sonata da camera 2. Sonata da chiesa

14. Baroque Concerto Contrast and unity Latin concertare (“to contend with”) Opposition of different forces

15. Organ concerto #1: Solo Concerto Two Types of Concerto

16. #2: Concerto Grosso Harp Concerto

17. New terms Concerto Sonata Tutti Suites

18. Two orchestral suites by Handel Water Music 1717 Music for the Royal Fireworks 1749

19. Water Music, Suite in D major, II Royal party on the Thames River in London, July 17, 1717 22 separate stand-alone pieces –HornpipeHornpipe

20. First performance April 17, 1717. Daily Courant : the King took Water at Whitehall in an open Barge... and went up the [Thames] River towards Chelsea. Many other Barges with Persons of Quality attended, and so great a Number of Boats, that the whole River in a manner was cover'd; a City Company's Barge was employ'd for the Musick, wherein were 50 instruments of all sorts, who play'd all the Way from Lambeth the finest Symphonies, compos'd express for this Occasion, by Mr. Hendel; which his Majesty liked so well, that he caus'd it to be plaid over three times in going and returning. At Eleven his Majesty went a- shore at Chelsea where a Supper was prepar'd, and then there was another very fine Consort of Musick, which lasted till 2; after which, his Majesty came again into his Barge, and return'd the same Way, the Musick continuing to play till he landed.

22. Royal Fireworks Music 1749 Golden Jubilee in 2002

23. Contrapuntal Devices Original:Inversion: Retrograde:Retrograde inversion: Augmentation:Diminution:

24. Handel’s Vocal Music “Opera is the delight of Princes.” —Marco Da Gagliano

25. Two types of vocal music… Oratorio Opera

26. Oratorio and Opera Similarities Overture Aria –Da capo aria Recitative Ensemble numbers: – Duet, Trio, Quartet, etc. Chorus

27. Oratorio and Opera Differences Language –Italian vs. English Staging Subject matter –Libretto (Librettist) –Sacred vs. Sacred Text

28. Baroque Oratorio Oratorio –Performed by solo voices Soprano Alto Tenor Bass (or, Baritone) –Large chorus (SATB) –orchestra –no staging or costumes

29. Handel: Messiah Premiered in Dublin in 1742 Written in 24 days Libretto: in three separate parts Compilation of Old and New Testament text

30. Aria vs. Recitative Recitative –Text is centered on the plot –Simple to sing –No melody or rhythmic complexities –Chords accompanied on the harpischord Aria –Text is about the character’s feelings –Highly difficult music requires vocal technique –Memorable tunes –Full orchestral accompaniment

31. Recitative from Theodora Lorraine Hunt Lieberson Ah! Whither should we fly, or fly from whom? The Lord is still the same, today, for ever, And his protection here, and everywhere. Though gath'ring round our destin'd heads The storm now thickens, and looks big with fate, Still shall thy servants wait on Thee, O Lord, And in thy saving mercy put their trust.

32. Messiah: Soprano aria “Rejoice greatlySoprano aria “Rejoice greatly Melisma (da capo aria)

33. Baroque Opera The New Genre of the Baroque Era Large-scale musical drama combining Singing Plot Acting Scenery Costumes Instrumental music

34. Baroque Opera: Semele

35. Voice assignments Soprano Mezzo-Soprano –Alto or Contralto Tenor Baritone Bass

36. Julius Cesare Montserrat Caballe –“Vadoro pupille”“Vadoro pupille”

37. Legacy Fell out of popularity after his death. Original instruments revival (1970s) Bel Canto revival (1960s) http://gfhandel.org/