1. E-Commerce 853-05 Professor Mary Cronin October 22, 2005

2. Agenda for Today Overview of course structure and objectives E-Commerce: Past, Present, Future Class introductions and personal objectives Syllabus, assignments and group projects –Group formation and lunch (at last…) with group discussion Best Practices preview Best Practices Preliminary Summary Case Study Companies –CSN Stores –Body1--Guest Speaker: Kerri Lis –Group assignments E-Business Hype Cycle Discussion –Drivers and barriers to growth –Balancing technology and strategy Wrap up, questions and preview of coming attractions

3. Course Structure Intensive interaction and multi-mode learning –Each session will include lectures, guest speakers, small group interactions and discussion of readings –Real time case studies are linked to local companies with challenging issues in e-commerce –Individual assignments include one case analysis and an end of term research paper on a student-selected company –Small group assignment is one real time case project and presentation –Details of assignments and chance for questions coming before lunch!

4. Framework for Course Discussions and Readings E-Commerce Evolution Success/Failures Lessons Learned Current Threats Strategic Context New Trends Industry Impact E-Com Infrastructure and Business Models (B2B, B2C, B2E) Best Practices “Real Time” Cases Competitive Advantage

5. E-Commerce Is Back in the Headlines

6. Defining E-Commerce and E-Business E-Commerce –The use of the Internet and the web to transact business –Digitally enabled commercial transactions between and among organizations and individuals The exchange of value on the Internet or the web How about E-Business? –Strategic use of the Internet for all processes and transactions within a firm –The entire world of internal and external electronic and Internet-based activities related to an enterprise or organization, including E-Commerce For this course, we will accept the broadest definitions and focus on the impact of using the Internet and the web to transact business in different types of companies and different industry sectors

7. E-Commerce Expectations in the 1990s Interactive, One-to-One Marketing as Driver –Personalized and customized design and delivery would drive profitable traffic to sticky web sites “Me-Business” and “The Experience Economy” Disintermediation of bricks and mortar and online aggregation into a few online Megastores –Malls and brand-name storefronts would be “Amazoned” –Manufacturers would sell direct to consumers bypassing stores and traditional channels Frictionless transactions and fulfillment –Online interactive support systems, bolstered by virtual communities, would transform the sales process –Proactive supply chains would enable dynamic pricing options –The web would become a transparent global E-marketplace –Traditional business models were doomed to failure

8. The dot.com Bust Made E-Commerce Synonymous With Bad Business Spilt Milk: WebVan burned through $1.2 billion in two years from launch to shutdown Scary: Boo.com spent over $1 million per week in burning up $135 million VC investment Dead Dog: Pets.com had $82 million IPO then shut down Was e-commerce completely over- hyped or was something else at fault?

9. Some Perspective on E-Commerce Past and Future New and revolutionary technologies typically go through a cycle of rapid growth and adoption (with many competing business models and providers) followed by shake out and consolidation Think about electricity, telephone, automobile and computer adoption cycles –The strongest impact and the lasting value emerge AFTER the shake out phase –Many early predictions about these once-emerging technologies never came to pass and countless business models failed in the process of mass adoption in the late 19 th and early 20 th century Gartner Research has characterized this predictable process as the technology “hype cycle”

10. The e-Business Hype Cycle 1990-1996 19971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010 Technology Trigger Peak of Inflated Expectations Trough of Disillusion Slope of Enlightenment Plateau of Profitability Internet Web “Dot.Com” Begins U.S. IPOs 1997/1998 U.S. Christmas 1998 European IPOs 1999 “e” is Best “Dot.Com” Share Fallout Investor Disillusionment “Dot.Com” Shakeout Publicized e-Failures Business Disillusionment Search for “True” e-Business Optimized e-Business Post-Net Businesses Source: The Gartner Group U.S. IPOs 2004

11. The More Pervasive the Technology Becomes, the Higher the Final Plateau Why Did The Internet as a “Trigger Technology” Have Such a Huge Impact? Open, dynamic standards –Global, decentralized, scalable –Continual innovation and evolution (http, ssl, xml, etc.) Worldwide deployment of each wave of functionality into new business as well as existing systems and platforms Low barriers to entry –Users also became developers and e-commerce entrepreneurs –Proliferation of start ups and spin offs in all sectors –Low costs of implementation and distribution for enterprise and individuals combined with a large and rapidly growing market Abundant opportunities for increasing productivity and reducing cost of doing business across all sectors

12. Framework for E-Commerce Today B2C (and C2C) –Interactive marketing using search as a driver –Online sales and efficiencies in distribution –Customized service, self-service and support via the web –Online user community and peer-to-peer communication recognized as a powerful force B2B –Online supply chain management is a given Online procurement in place in the majority of companies –E-marketplaces survivors are well established and (mostly) profitable –Radically distributed organizations are common B2E –E-knowledge management and decentralized, online communications are the norm –E-Learning is pervasive Employee training, simulations, regulatory compliance and productivity support

13. Enterprise B2C and B2B Drivers Have Evolved Along With the Net Web Presence Is Now a Competitive Necessity –Where the Customer Is Majority of customers (both consumer and enterprise) research online then buy through traditional channels –Intrinsic to a multi-channel sales and marketing strategy Supports new customer acquisition through search terms and online advertising All Companies Are Striving to Lower Costs of Customer Support and Procurement –E-Commerce supplements or substitutes for traditional support systems Self service online –eCRM to enhance customer loyalty Encourage repeat business –eProcurement and Supply Chain Management More efficient and cost-effective relationships with suppliers, vendors and distributors online

14. What Does It Mean for Today’s Enterprise? Customer Expectations –Impossible to attract and retain customers without using the Internet in some way Channel Ubiquity –Creates new marketing, sales, support and distribution channels and alters structure of market by adding transparency across borders and organizations; increases market size but requires new differentiation strategies Cycle Compression –Constant innovation and improvements in core products with outsourcing of non-core areas; shorter learning curves, development and product cycles Cost and Pricing Pressures –Must squeeze costs out of supply chain and internal processes to compete in more open markets

15. E-Commerce Evolution: What’s Next? Short term: –New round of consolidation at the top driving industry convergence and more start ups leveraging community, peer interactions and e-marketplaces –Enterprise focus on integration with existing IT solutions and increasing ROI –More attention to applying best practices and analytics to gain customer loyalty and competitive advantage –Migration to online-only options

16. Ups and Downs in the Internet’s Competitive Landscape Bargaining Power of Suppliers Bargaining Power of Buyers Barriers to Entry Number of Players Competition Threat of Substitute Products and Services Bargaining Power of Channels Each industry sector has a different balance of factors and pace of e-business adoption

17. Continuing E-Commerce Challenges Security Trust and privacy Stability and robustness under attack (virus, spam) Internal enterprise integration of Internet and E- Commerce implementation Channel conflict and fear of cannibalization Sorting out the truly valuable from the easily possible

18. Peak of Inflated Expectations Trough of Disillusionment Slope of Enlightenment Plateau of ProductivityTechnologyTrigger Market Hype E-Business Rules E-Commerce Reality Check Year E-Tailing Dot-com starts Internet WWW Dot-com failures & share fallout Investor disillusionment Business disillusionment “True” E-Business emerges Optimized E-Business E-Business subsumed into corporate DNA 1990-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Are we here?