1. Accelerator Summary 1/22/2004 K. Oide (KEK)

2. Accelerator Session: PEP-II IR Upgrade M. Sullivan (SLAC) Super KEKB Optics & IR Y. Ohnishi(KEK) Super-PEP-II IR Upgrade M. Sullivan (SLAC) HOM calculations of new RF cavities A. Novokhatski (SLAC) RF system for Super-KEKB K. Akai (KEK) RF and longitudinal stability in Super-PEPIID. Teytelman (SLAC) Accelerator Discussion and Contingency: Coherent Synch. Rad.Y. Ohnishi(KEK) Luminosity of Super KEKBJ. Flanagan(KEK)

3. Head-on collision: ◆ Parasitic crossing for large number of bunches ◆ Background due to separation bends Crossing angle: ◆ degrades  y, < 0.06 ◆ restored by crab crossing Smaller  y *: ◆ Smaller physical/dynamic aperture ◆ Shorter lifetime, more background, … Shorter  z : ◆ More HOM heating ◆ Coherent synch. rad. ◆ Shorter lifetime, more background Higher Current: ◆ More rf power, cooling, injector, … ◆ More HOM heating (more bunches) ◆ Beam Instabilities ◆ Electron clouds, fast ions, …

4. Upgrade Scenario L (/nb/s) I LER (A)  y * (mm) yy P (MW) Present Performance PEP-II71.8120.05~50Head-on KEKB111.660.05~50±11 mrad Upgrade before 2007 (without major funding issues) PEP-II334.5 6z?6z? 0.05~60? Head-on or small crossing angle? KEKB301.660.14~50crab crossing Major Upgrade PEP-II100023 1.5 HOM? CSR? 0.10~150 High freq rf, New tunnel? KEKB2509.430.14~90 New beam pipe, more rf

5. PEP-II Proposed Upgrade Plans Now Projected Upgrade LER energy3.1 3.1 3.1GeV HER energy9.0 9.09.0GeV LER current1.8 3.64.5A HER current1.0 1.82.0A  y * 12.5 8.56mm  x * 28 2828cm X emittance50 4040nm-rad Estimated  y * 4.9 3.62.7  m Bunch spacing1.89 1.261.26m Number of bunches1034 15001700 Collision anglehead-on head-on head-onmrads Beam pipe radius2.5 2.52.5cm Luminosity6.6  10 33 1.8  10 34 3.3  10 34 cm  sec  M. Sullivan-1

6. LER PC tune shifts vs  /2 for different  y * normalized to the IP tune shift for  l (bunch length) = 9 and 7 mm HER PC tune shifts vs  /2 for different  y * normalized to the IP tune shift for  l = 9 and 7 mm The tune shift from the first parasitic crossing normalized to the main collision tune shift as a function of crossing angle and plotted for various  y * values for PEP-II (courtesy of Marica Biagini) M. Sullivan-1

8.  The initial upgrade proposal replaced the last 4 slices of the B1 magnets with quadrupole field. This allows for lower beta y* values with a smaller increase in the maximum beta y.  The replacement of the B1 slices with quad field introduces a ± 3.3 mrad crossing angle at the IP which reduces the beam-beam effect at the 1 st parasitic crossing. However, recent beam-beam simulations indicate a luminosity reduction for beams with a crossing angle.  An alternative proposal currently under study is to strengthen the IP end of QD1 effectively moving the center of the magnet closer to the IP. At the same time, increase the beam separation at the 1 st parasitic crossing by increasing the strength of the initial B1 slices. This maintains the PEP-II head-on collision.  The high beam currents of the upgrade plans generate significant SR power in the IR that must be handled  SR backgrounds look like they can be controlled but have not yet been thoroughly studied Summary M. Sullivan-1

9. QC2LP QC2RP QCSL QCSR QC1LE QC2LE QC1RE QC2RE ← LER HER → IP s (m) x (m) Super KEKB IR magnet layout Y. Ohnishi

10. QCS for SuperKEKB and KEKB Move QCS closer to IP and compensation solenoid is divided into two parts, one is overlaid with QCS. SuperKEKB KEKB  =17°  =150° EFC Y. Ohnishi

11. QC1 (superconducting magnet) G=42.86 T/m L eff =0.232 m I op =1319A, B max =1.62 T I op /I c =59% QC1LE Leakage field<1.5 Gauss QC1RE Leakage field<20 Gauss G=34 T/m L eff =0.266 m I op =1319 A, B max =3.28 T I op /I c =73% Y. Ohnishi

12. Injector linac for SuperKEKB 1.Positron dumping ring (1 GeV) 2.Positron energy upgrade with C-band for energy exchange (e - LER / e + HER) Y. Ohnishi

13. Dynamic aperture Injection beam CouplingLifetime 1%51 min 2%72 min 4%102 min 6%145 min Dynamic aperture in LER Machine errors are not included. Transverse aperture is acceptable. Y. Ohnishi

14. Strategy of IR design Positron DR prior to IR upgrade Design of IR magnets Two options for QC1 : –superconducting / normal IR magnets is designed so that SR from QCS does not hit QC1 and QC2 as possible. Vacuum chamber in IR is under study. Optics for SuperKEKB is designed. –Dynamic aperture in LER (  p/p 0 ~ 1.5 %) –Injection aperture can be kept. Y. Ohnishi Summary

15. PEP-III Super B Now Projected Upgrade Super B LER energy 3.1 3.1 3.1 ? 3.5 GeV HER energy 9.0 9.0 9.0 ? 8.0 GeV LER current 1.8 3.6 4.5 22.2 A HER current 1.0 1.8 2.09.7 A  y * 12.5 8.5 6.51.5 mm  x * 28 28 2815 cm X emittance 50 40 4070 nm-rad Estimated  y * 4.9 3.6 2.71.7  m Bunch spacing 1.89 ~1.5 1.260.63 m Number of bunches 1034 1500 17003400 Collision angle head-on head-on 0  3.25  12-14 mrads Beam pipe radius 2.5 2.5 2.5 1.5-2.0? cm Luminosity 6.6  10 33 1.8  10 34 3.3  10 34 1  10 36 cm  sec  M. Sullivan-2

17. A 1 cm radius beam pipe might be possible now M. Sullivan-2

18. A super B-factory IR is quite challenging The very high beam currents rule out designs in which SR fans are intercepted locally The IR design in the areas of detector backgrounds, HOM power and SR quadrupole radiation are all very difficult and need to be thoroughly studied. The trick is to find a solution that satisfies all of these requirements without compromising the physics Summary M. Sullivan-2

19. Electric force lines of wake field excited by a short bunch in PEP-II cavity A. Novokhatski

20. Spectrum of 952 MHz cavity Loss impedance of this cavity is 3.4 times smaller than impedance of PEP-II cavity for a bunch of 1.8mm length. R/Q of the cavity is 66 Ohms A. Novokhatski

21. Optimization of the cavity shape Gives better R/Q =78 Ohm and less loss impedance by 8% A. Novokhatski

22. Minimum loss impedance and loss impedances of different cavities A. Novokhatski

24. Summary To be continued! A. Novokhatski

25. RF parameters for SuperKEKB K. Akai

26. Modification of LER-ARES The ARES in LER will be remodeled to increase the stored energy further. By enlarging the coupling hole between the A-C cavities, Us/Ua will be increased from 9 to 15. Storage cavity is reused. exsistingmodified Energy ratio1:91:15 Detuning (kHz)6545 Growth time (ms)0.31.6 C-damper (kW)4126 Coupling impedance for the p/2 mode Growth rate as a function of Us/Ua T. Kageyama, et. al. K. Akai

27. Improve the ARES-HOM dampers The waveguide dampers –High power tested up to 3.3 kW/bullet (26 kW/cavity). –Upgrade needed to 80 kW/cavity. –Will be tested at higher power with a new high power source. –The number of bullets/waveguide will be increased. The grooved beam pipe dampers –High power tested up to 0.5 kW/groove (2 kW/cavity). –Upgrade needed to 20 kW/cavity. –A new type of damper? Such as a winged chamber with SiC bullets? Y. Suetsugu, et. al. K. Akai

28. Beam pipe diameter150 mm (present)220 mm (enlarged) Loss factor for 3mm bunch 2.46 V/pC1.69 V/pC HOM power for 4.1A, 5000 bunches 83 kW/cavity57 kW/cavity Influence to other groups No changeReplace chambers Large bore magnets Develop gate valves SCC HOM power and beam pipe Present HOM dampers in KEKB have been operated up to 12 kW/cavity. K. Akai

29. Schematic drawing of new crab cavity (Left) The cross-shaped waveguide dampers and coaxial dampers are attached at the squashed-cell. (Right) Cross section of the coaxial damper at the cut plane of Y-Y’. K. Akai

30. Summary of SuperKEKB RF system Base plan: –The existing RF system will be used as much as possible, with improvements as necessary. –The ARES (LER, HER) and SCC (HER) will be used. CBI due to the accelerating mode –LER-ARES will be modified, that eases the growth time from 0.3ms to 1.6ms. –The -1 mode damper will suppress the CBI with a growth time of 1 ms. HOM dampers –Performance limit of the present HOM dampers will be tested. –A new HOM damper may by necessary, particularly for the GBP damper. Large RF power –Improvement of the couplers will continue to double the operating power. –The number of RF unit will be doubled. Crab cavity –A new crab cavity is proposed, which can be used at 10 A. –The design is completed. It has sufficient property for SuperKEKB. K. Akai

31. D. Teytelman

41. Coherent Synchrotron Radiation Energy change / particle v.s z/  z KEKB LER/ 2.6A (5120) Numerical simulation with mesh (Ago and Yokoya, to be published or details found in LoI) Y.Ohnishi Acceleration Deceleration  E ≈ 100 kV/turn (5 V/pC) for 9.4 A, LER Stubility must be checked