1. ניורוביולוגיה ומדעי המח חלק 2 – מערכת הראייה Introduction to Neurobiology Part 2 – The Visual System Shaul Hochstein

2. ניורוביולוגיה ומדעי המח Introduction to Neurobiology Introduction to Sensory Systems The Visual Cortex “From Neuron to Brain”: Chapters 20 & 21: pages 411-433; Signaling in the LGN & primary visual cortex & Functional architecture of visual cortex

3. ניורוביולוגיה ומדעי המח Introduction to Neurobiology Introduction to Sensory Systems What do we mean by “why” in science? What is the primary goal of neuroscience?

4. 4 principles of physiological research

5. Study of receptive fields is equivalent to study of computation; (from input/output can deduce computation). Study of RF linearity/nonlinearity essential for deriving mechanisms. Division into neuron classes basic for visual system, differentiating processing pathways, using one, the other, or a combination of streams. Analysis of response types may aid in understanding neuron role/function.

6. ניורוביולוגיה ומדעי המח Introduction to Neurobiology Introduction to Sensory Systems To where are retinal signals transmitted?

14. David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel

16. ניורוביולוגיה ומדעי המח Introduction to Neurobiology Introduction to Sensory Systems Mapping the receptive field of visual system neurons using small spots of light or dark. Very effective in RGC & LGN. Very problematic for Visual Cortex.

20. This is nonsense: The responses of cortical Simple cells depend largely, essentially and dramatically on intra-cortical networks.

22. This gives a false impression: We do not know that Complex cells depend on Simple cell input and it is clear that end-stopping exists in Simple cells and is not a “hyper- complex” property.

25. The primary visual cortex maintains: 1- visual hemifield location map 2- size discrimination (small and large receptive fields) 3- color coding (in monkey; in “blobs”) The primary visual cortex begins selectivity to: 1- orientation 2- ocular dominance and binocularity, leading to 3- stereo depth perception 4- receptive field complexity (Simple vs. Complex cells) 5- end-stopping 6- motion direction sensitivity

26. Visual field magnification factor