1. Week 8: Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage in Memories of the World Projects Living culture, Endangered culture, & heritage preservation Students from the African Drumming and Dance Group "Kumba" of the Ross Road School in Halifax, Nova Scotia, c. 2002.

2. Overview: Last Day: Recording & Cultural Heritage Preservation Last Day: Recording & Cultural Heritage Preservation Discussion of issues & themes in the course Discussion of issues & themes in the course Reminder about course website materials Reminder about course website materials –http://www.sfu.ca/cmns/faculty/marontate_j/386/06- fall/ http://www.sfu.ca/cmns/faculty/marontate_j/386/06- fall/http://www.sfu.ca/cmns/faculty/marontate_j/386/06- fall/ Handout (copyright & intangible heritage) Handout (copyright & intangible heritage) Sign-up sheet for term report Round Tables Sign-up sheet for term report Round Tables Plan of today’s session Plan of today’s session –Short lecture –1 st group of short report presentations

3. Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage Recall (2 weeks ago): Ethnographic Conservation Beliefs— changing ideas Recall (2 weeks ago): Ethnographic Conservation Beliefs— changing ideas –Heritage preservation BEYOND PHYSICAL “things” Continuing uses & meanings – ideas for contemporary ways of “performing” culture from historic practices Continuing uses & meanings – ideas for contemporary ways of “performing” culture from historic practices Communicating values & techniques of participating in culture Communicating values & techniques of participating in culture Halloween & trick or treating http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tric k-or-treating

4. Definitions of ‘Intangible’ Heritage Not ‘Tangible’ Not ‘Tangible’ –|the tangible can be `touched’, has physical presence, can be observed etc… Intangible-notion of lived experience Intangible-notion of lived experience –Ex. oral traditions, skills, dance, music, community practices like festivals etc… –http://www.gdrc.org/heritage/h eritage-06.html http://www.gdrc.org/heritage/h eritage-06.htmlhttp://www.gdrc.org/heritage/h eritage-06.html Recognition that culture is not just about things Recognition that culture is not just about things Griots, oral & musical traditions in Senegal http://www.si.umich.edu/chico/U MS/Drummers/doudou.html

5. Types of sources of information (terminology) Primary sources: Primary sources: –records generated at the time of the “event” –Actual participants in events or practices under study Secondary sources: Secondary sources: –Records or testimony from people who talked to participants or who draw on primary documents “Issues of “authenticity” & “integrity” differ with type of source “Issues of “authenticity” & “integrity” differ with type of source

6. Using Digital Media to preserve oral traditions Some techniques for crystallizing memories: (still camera, video & audio recording techniques) Some techniques for crystallizing memories: (still camera, video & audio recording techniques) –Capturing events “live” –re-enactments –Oral history Using web-based technologies as instructional tools & techniques for collecting or “recontstructing” information Using web-based technologies as instructional tools & techniques for collecting or “recontstructing” information –http://www.gov.nu.ca/Nunavut/ http://www.gov.nu.ca/Nunavut/

7. Digital recording, Intangible Heritage, Local & global knowledge Examples: Examples: –British Library Sounds of nature http://www.bl.uk/listentonature Sounds of nature http://www.bl.uk/listentonaturehttp://www.bl.uk/listentonature Dialects & endangered languages Dialects & endangered languages Everyday life (even the sound of a public washroom) Everyday life (even the sound of a public washroom) –Oral History (& sound recording as a communication technique in cultural heritage preservation Many require paid memberships Many require paid memberships ex. Grand Canyon) ex. Grand Canyon) ex. Grand Canyon ex. Grand Canyon

8. ) Examples: Examples: –Local or topical (event or theme-based) records http://www.ibiblio.org/sncc/ http://www.ibiblio.org/sncc/ –National (ex. British library) –Global ex. Unesco-Memories of the world program ex. Unesco-Memories of the world program

9. Preserving Memories of the (Intangible) World –Folkways—living cultures (oral and craft traditions 0f communication & knowledge transfer) –New strategies: Designing ways to crystallize values & practices & construct « memories » Designing ways to crystallize values & practices & construct « memories » Conforming to new strategies for preserving memories (established by caretakers) Conforming to new strategies for preserving memories (established by caretakers)

10. Qualifying as worthy of remembrance Personal (family) Networks & Community- based criteria Personal (family) Networks & Community- based criteria Other forms of recognition (sometimes concurrent) Other forms of recognition (sometimes concurrent) –Scholarly –Political –Economic –Moral & ethical –Class-based (elite, popular) agendas etc….

11. Observation of « intangible » heritage preservation projects Artificiality vs. Authenticity? Artificiality vs. Authenticity? –Efforts to « crystallize » practices (focus on stability rather than documentation of changes) –« reification » or « objectivization » of practices that were not material by nature Sources (biases) ? Sources (biases) ? –reliance on self-reporting or collectors (not much systematic collection) Sustainability? Sustainability? –Local interest-groups maintain or are sources for many repositories –Precarity of publicly-funded cultural heritage institutions and not-for-profits

12. Short Reports: 1st Group of Class Presentations 1. Fong,Sandra & Rosenberg,Emmeli 2. Liao, Sandy & Xu, Daini 3. Fong,Angela & Techklenburg, Sabine 4. Seminari,Andrew& innah,Yazeen 5. Crammond,Selina 6. Fu,Amanda 7. Yip, Kevin