1. FAST TCP in Linux Cheng Jin David Wei http://netlab.caltech.edu/FAST/WANinLab/nsfvisit

2. netlab.caltech.edu Outline  Overview of FAST TCP.  Implementation Details.  SC2002 Experiment Results.  FAST Evaluation and WAN-in-Lab.

3. netlab.caltech.edu FAST vs. Linux TCP Distance = 10,037 km; Delay = 180 ms; MTU = 1500 B; Duration: 3600 s Linux TCP Experiments: Jan 28-29, 2003 1333173.182 Linux TCP txqlen=100 3909319.352 Linux TCP txqlen=10000 781851.861 Linux TCP txqlen=100 753 387 111 Transfer (GB) 1,79718.032 FAST 19.11.2002 9259.281 FAST 19.11.2002 2662.671 Linux TCP txqlen=10000 Throughput (Mbps) Bmps Peta Flows

4. netlab.caltech.edu Aggregate Throughput Linux TCP Linux TCP FAST Average utilization 19% 27% 92% FAST  Standard MTU  Utilization averaged over 1hr txq=100txq=10000 95% 16% 48% Linux TCP Linux TCP FAST 2G 1G

5. netlab.caltech.edu Summary of Changes  RTT estimation: fine-grain timer.  Fast convergence to equilibrium.  Delay monitoring in equilibrium.  Pacing: reducing burstiness.

6. netlab.caltech.edu FAST TCP Flow Chart Slow Start Fast Convergence Equilibrium Loss Recovery Normal Recovery Time-out

7. netlab.caltech.edu RTT Estimation  Measure queueing delay.  Kernel timestamp with s resolution.  Use SACK to increase the number of RTT samples during recovery.  Exponential averaging of RTT samples to increase robustness.

8. netlab.caltech.edu Fast Convergence  Rapidly increase or decrease cwnd toward equilibrium.  Monitor the per-ack queueing delay to avoid overshoot.

9. netlab.caltech.edu Equilibrium  Vegas-like cwnd adjustment in large time-scale -- per RTT.  Small step-size to maintain stability in equilibrium.  Per-ack delay monitoring to enable timely detection of changes in equilibrium.

10. netlab.caltech.edu Pacing  What do we pace? Increment to cwnd.  Time-Driven vs. event-driven. Trade-off between complexity and performance. Timer resolution is important.

11. netlab.caltech.edu Time-Based Pacing cwnd increments are scheduled at fixed intervals. dataackdata

12. netlab.caltech.edu Event-Based Pacing Detect sufficiently large gap between consecutive bursts and delay cwnd increment until the end of each such burst.

13. SCinet Caltech-SLAC experiments netlab.caltech.edu/FAST SC2002 Baltimore, Nov 2002 Experiment SunnyvaleBaltimore Chicago Geneva 3000km 1000km 7000km C. Jin, D. Wei, S. Low FAST Team and Partners Internet: distributed feedback system R f (s) R b ’ (s) x p TCP AQM Theory FAST TCP  Standard MTU  Peak window = 14,255 pkts  Throughput averaged over > 1hr  925 Mbps single flow/GE card 9.28 petabit-meter/sec 1.89 times LSR  8.6 Gbps with 10 flows 34.0 petabit-meter/sec 6.32 times LSR  21TB in 6 hours with 10 flows Implementation  Sender-side modification  Delay based Highlights 1 2 1 2 7 9 10 Geneva-Sunnyvale Baltimore-Sunnyvale FAST I2 LSR #flows

14. netlab.caltech.edu Network (Sylvain Ravot, caltech/CERN)

15. netlab.caltech.edu FAST BMPS Internet2 Land Speed Record FAST 12 1 2 7 9 10 Geneva-Sunnyvale Baltimore-Sunnyvale #flows FAST  Standard MTU  Throughput averaged over > 1hr

16. netlab.caltech.edu Aggregate Throughput 1 flow 2 flows 7 flows 9 flows 10 flows Average utilization 95% 92% 90% 88% FAST  Standard MTU  Utilization averaged over > 1hr 1hr 6hr 1.1hr6hr

17. netlab.caltech.edu Caltech-SLAC Entry Rapid recovery after possible hardware glitch Power glitch Reboot 100-200Mbps ACK traffic

18. SCinet Caltech-SLAC experiments netlab.caltech.edu/FAST SC2002 Baltimore, Nov 2002  Prototype C. Jin, D. Wei  Theory D. Choe (Postech/Caltech), J. Doyle, S. Low, F. Paganini (UCLA), J. Wang, Z. Wang (UCLA)  Experiment/facilities Caltech: J. Bunn, C. Chapman, C. Hu (Williams/Caltech), H. Newman, J. Pool, S. Ravot (Caltech/CERN), S. Singh CERN: O. Martin, P. Moroni Cisco: B. Aiken, V. Doraiswami, R. Sepulveda, M. Turzanski, D. Walsten, S. Yip DataTAG: E. Martelli, J. P. Martin-Flatin Internet2: G. Almes, S. Corbato Level(3): P. Fernes, R. Struble SCinet: G. Goddard, J. Patton SLAC: G. Buhrmaster, R. Les Cottrell, C. Logg, I. Mei, W. Matthews, R. Mount, J. Navratil, J. Williams StarLight: T. deFanti, L. Winkler TeraGrid: L. Winkler  Major sponsors ARO, CACR, Cisco, DataTAG, DoE, Lee Center, NSF Acknowledgments

19. netlab.caltech.edu Evaluating FAST  End-to-End monitoring doesn’t tell the whole story.  Existing network emulation (dummynet) is not always enough.  Better optimization if we can look inside and understand the real network.

20. netlab.caltech.edu Dummynet and Real Testbed

21. netlab.caltech.edu Dummynet Issues  Not running on a real-time OS -- imprecise timing.  Lack of priority scheduling of dummynet events.  Bandwidth fluctuates significantly with workload.  Much work needed to customize dummynet for protocol testing.

22. netlab.caltech.edu 10 GbE Experiment  Long-distance testing of Intel 10GbE cards.  Sylvain Ravot (Caltech) achieved 2.3 Gbps using single stream with jumbo frame and stock Linux TCP.  Tested HSTCP, Scalable TCP, FAST, and stock TCP under Linux. 1500B MTU: 1.3 Gbps SNV -> CHI; 9000B MTU: 2.3 Gbps SNV -> GVA

23. netlab.caltech.edu TCP Loss Mystery  Frequent packet loss with 1500-byte MTU. None with larger MTUs.  Packet loss even when cwnd is capped at 300 - 500 packets.  Routers have large queue size of 4000 packets.  Packets captured at both sender and receiver using tcpdump.

24. netlab.caltech.edu How Did the Loss Happen? loss detected

25. netlab.caltech.edu How Can WAN-in-Lab Help?  We will know exactly where packets are lost.  We will also know the sequence of events (packet arrivals) that lead to loss.  We can either fix the problem in the network if any, or improve the protocol.

26. netlab.caltech.edu Conclusion  FAST improves the end-to-end performance of TCP.  Many issues are still to be understood and resolved.  WAN-in-Lab can help make FAST a better protocol.