1. The final is one week from yesterday Same format as prelims, but longer 7-9:30pm, Wednesday night, in Baker Lab Bring #2 pencils, erasers, etc. Please consider donating your textbook Thanks for a great semester! Always feel free to email (or visit) me with any astronomy or planetary science questions

2. You should review: Lecture notes Textbook (assigned reading) Homework Prelims Practice prelims Review sessions: Mon, Tues, 2-3:30, SSB 105

3. Yes, there is a lecture on Friday Prof. Squyres talking about life in the Universe Last chance to hand in Planet Walk extra credit assignment Also, it’s a scheduled day of class

4. Primordial Soup Julia Child video: http://www.slashfood.com/2009/11/05/julia-childs- primordial-soup/ http://www.slashfood.com/2009/11/05/julia-childs- primordial-soup/

5. Extremophiles Yellowstone: Cyanidium lives in water with pH 2-3 Images from http://halo.umbi.umd.edu/~haloed/Ecology.htm, http://www.astrobio.net/exclusive/204/bugs-from-hell, http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/extreme/acidic/ Salt crystal: Halobacteria in brine inclusions (red stuff is bacteria!) S. African gold mine: Bacillus infernus lives inside rocks 3km underground

6. Tardigrades! Image from http://phe.rockefeller.edu/barcode/blog/2009/08/11/dna-for-tardigrades/

7. Part 1: General concepts about the Solar System Celestial Sphere Sidereal vs. synodic days Seasons Phases of the Moon Tides Kepler’s laws Spectra Eclipses

8. Part 2: The inner Solar System Mercury, Venus, Earth, the Moon, Mars Interiors (including seismology) Surfaces (impacts, volcanism, tectonics, erosion) Atmospheres (including compositions) Climate and climate change (Earth and Mars) The Greenhouse Effect

9. Part 3: Small bodies and the outer Solar System Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (sizes, similarities, differences, interiors, atmospheres) Asteroids, comets, meteorites Pluto and the trans-Neptunian region Jovian satellites (including the Galilean satellites) Ice giants vs. gas giants Impacts Rings Resonance and tidal heating

10. Part 4: Origins Solar system formation Planet formation The Sun Exoplanets Exobiology Life in the Universe

11. The Celestial Sphere

13. Image from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sidereal_Time_en.PNG Sidereal vs. Synodic

14. Seasons Image from http://visual.merriam-webster.com/earth/meteorology/seasons-year.php

15. Phases of the Moon

16. Tides II Image from http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Water/ocean_tides.html

17. Spectroscopy Images from http://www.upei.ca/~physics/p261/projects/nuclear2/basicsci.html, http://astrophys-assist.com/educate/solarobs/ses01p11.htm Energy level diagram Types of Spectra

18. Blackbody Radiation Image from http://physics.schooltool.nl/irspectroscopy/method.php

19. Solar Eclipses Image from http://www.space.com/spacewatch/050408_solar_eclipse.html

20. Lunar Eclipses Image from http://www.space.com/spacewatch/041001_lunar_eclipse.html

21. Surface Processes Erosion Tectonics Volcanism Impacts Images from http://fireflyforest.net/firefly/2005/11/12/aerial-view-of-the-grand-canyon/, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=geologists-link-the-great, http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect18/Sect18_1.html, and http://users.forthnet.gr/ath/nikolas_c/tectonic_geoology.htm

22. Earth’s interior, cont. P waveS wave http://geophysics.ou.edu/solid_earth/notes/seismology/seismo_interior/seismo_interior.html

24. The Greenhouse Effect http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect16/Sect16_2.html

25. Earth’s atmosphere Gas NameChemical FormulaPercent Volume NitrogenN278.08% OxygenO220.95% *WaterH2O0 to 4% ArgonAr0.93% *Carbon DioxideCO20.0360% NeonNe0.0018% HeliumHe0.0005% *MethaneCH40.00017% HydrogenH20.00005% *Nitrous OxideN2O0.00003% *OzoneO30.000004% * variable gases From http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7a.html

26. Origin of the Moon Sisters? Fission? Capture? Giant impact

27. Mercury’s day and year 3 days every 2 years Animations…. – Rotation and orbit: http://www.messenger-education.org/Interactives/ANIMATIONS/Orbit_Rotation/orbit_rotation_full.htm – The Sun in the sky: http://www.messenger-education.org/Interactives/ANIMATIONS/Day_On_Mercury/day_on_mercury_full.htm

28. Venus Images from http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA10124, http://atmos.nmsu.edu/~nchanove/A105S04/lecture_21.html, and http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/planetary/venus/venusglobe.jpg VisibleUV Radar

29. Plate tectonics Image from http://www.umt.edu/geosciences/faculty/hendrix/g100/L17.html

30. Earth’s magnetic field and plate tectonics Image modified from http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/0_0_0/alvarez_02

31. Radar imaging Images from http://hosting.soonet.ca/eliris/remotesensing/bl130lec13.html and http://ganymede.nmsu.edu/tharriso/ast110/class08.html Dark is smooth Rough is bright

32. Terrestrial planet interiors Image from http://www.nasaimages.org/luna/servlet/detail/nasaNAS~20~20~120294~226993:Terrestrial-Planet-Interiors

33. Gas giants and ice giants JupiterSaturnUranusNeptune Semimajor axis (AU)5.29.5419.230.1 Temperature125 K95 K60 K Radius (R Earth )119.44.03.9 Density (g/cm 3 )1.30.71.31.6 Spin Period (hrs)~ 10 ~17~ 16 Atm. Comp. (%) H He methane 86 13.6 1.8 x 10 -3 94 6 8 x 10 -4 83 15 2 85 13 0.01 to 1?

34. Giant Planet Interiors Image from http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2010/01/q_a_inside_a_gas_giant.php

35. Giant Planet Atmospheres Image from http://astronomyonline.org/SolarSystem/SaturnIntroduction.asp

36. Kuiper Belt vs. Oort Cloud http://boojum.as.arizona.edu/~jill/NS102_2006/Lectures/Lecture6/kuiper3.jpg

37. Dwarf planets are small http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/our_solar_system/dwarf_planets/images/five_dwarfs_earth_luna_big_jpg_image.html

38. The Galilean moons From http://www.physast.uga.edu/~jss/1010/ch11/ovhd.html

39. Europa, Ganymede and Callisto Image from http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~barnes/ast110_06/gphah.html

40. Io’s tidal heating Images from http://www.physast.uga.edu/~jss/1010/ch11/ovhd.html Elliptical orbit caused by orbital resonance Synchronous rotation

41. Solar System formation Cloud of interstellar gas/dust Protostar + disk Planetary embryos, planetesimals “Heavy Bombardment”/ “Late Heavy Bombardment” Planets, asteroid belt, Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud Image from http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/niel/astro1/slideshows/class43/slides-43.html

42. Hunting planets Radial velocity (Doppler shifts) Astrometry Transits Direct detection

43. The Sun Images from http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/convective_envelope.html