1. Chapter 16 Continued

2.  Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333, establishment of the Shogunate under Minamoto no Yoritomo  Ashikaga Shogunate: 1336-1573, weaker with most of the power lying in the hands of regional Daimyo  By 1500’s, continual civil war amongst the Daimyo  Three able-military leaders were needed to restore unity and order

3.  Oda Nobunaga used firearms that Japan had gained from the Portuguese in the 1540s.  Deposed the last of the Ashikaga Shoguns in 1573  By 1580 he puts most of Honshu island under his command  Killed in 1582

4.  Toyotomi Hideyoshi (one of Nobunaga’s Generals) moved to punish those who betrayed Nobunaga and renewed the drive to break the power from the Daimyo.  Ruled most of Japan by 1590  Launched two attacks on Korea in 1592 and 1597 with almost 150,000 soldiers  No real success…  Dies in 1598

5.  Tokugawa Ieyasu concentrates on consolidating power at home.  By 1603 he was granted power as Shogun by the Emperor  Beginning of the TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE  Ends civil wars, brought the semblance of political unity to the islands  Rules from Edo (later to be, Tokyo)

7.  Europeans had increasing contact with the Japanese throughout the warring period  Brought goods traded in India, China, and SE Asia  Exchanged for Silver, copper, pottery, etc.  Traders and missionaries brought firearms, printing presses, and other western devices, like clocks  Contacts with Europeans changed warfare (guns), and led to increased commercial contacts with China, Korea, Philippines, and Siam

8.  Jesuits employ the top-down model of impressing the leader (in this case, Nobunaga in the 1570s)  Convert many of the Daimyo’s  Nobunaga himself was said to be at the verge of conversion.  Hundreds of thousands of converts by the early 1580s  Hideyoshi though, was distrustful of the Europeans, and saw the writing on the wall…  Commercial and Military ventures first…then conquer the islands  Conversion is cut short in the 1580s

9.  Beginning in the 1580’s, amid skepticism about the intentions of the Europeans official measures are taken to restrict foreign activities in Japan.  Christian Missionaries are ordered off the islands by Hideyoshi  Ieyasu continues the persecution and bans Christianity by 1614. ▪ Missionaries are hunted, killed, or expelled. ▪ Japanese were required to renounce their faith, or face imprisonment, torture and execution.

10.  1630: All Japanese ships were forbidden to trade, or even sail overseas  1640s: Only a limited number of Dutch and Chinese chips were allowed to trade on the island of Deshima, in Nagasaki Bay.  Copper export was restricted  Western books banned  Foreigners were permitted to live and travel only to VERY restricted areas.  By the 1650s total isolationism was almost complete.  Emphasis on Japan’s unique historical experience