1. Basic UNIX Commands Commonly used Unix commands

2. Read a Text File Head Tail More

3. Starting and Ending login: `Logging in'`Logging in' telnet: Connect to another machineConnect to another machine logout: `Logging out'`Logging out'

4. File Management emacs: `Using the emacs text editor' mkdir: `Creating a directory' cd: `Changing your current working directory' ls: `Finding out what files you have' cp: `Making a copy of a file' mv: `Changing the name of a file' rm: `Getting rid of unwanted files' chmod: `Controlling access to your files' cmp: Comparing two files wc: Word, line, and character count compress: Compress a file`Using the emacs text editor'`Creating a directory'`Changing your current working directory'`Finding out what files you have'`Making a copy of a file'`Changing the name of a file'`Getting rid of unwanted files'`Controlling access to your files'Comparing two filesWord, line, and character countCompress a file

5. Communication e-mail: `Sending and receiving electronic mail'`Sending and receiving electronic mail' talk: Talk to another userTalk to another user write: Write messages to another userWrite messages to another user ftp: `Transferring files with ftp'`Transferring files with ftp'

6. Information man: Manual pagesManual pages quota -v: Finding out your available disk space quotaFinding out your available disk space quota ical: `Using the Ical personal organizer'`Using the Ical personal organizer' finger: Getting information about a userGetting information about a user passwd: Changing your passwordChanging your password who: Finding out who's logged onFinding out who's logged on

7. Printing lpr: `Printing'`Printing' lprm: Removing a print jobRemoving a print job lpq: Checking the print queuesChecking the print queues

8. Job control ps: `Finding your processes'`Finding your processes' kill: `Killing a process'`Killing a process' nohup: Continuing a job after logoutContinuing a job after logout nice: Changing the priority of a jobChanging the priority of a job &: `What is a background process?'`What is a background process?' Cntrl-z: Suspending a processSuspending a process fg: `Resuming a suspended process'`Resuming a suspended process'

9. Selecting a Unix shell sh –The first shell, historically, was sh, also known as the Bourne shell. It is good for writing shell scripts, but not so popular for interactive use.

10. csh –Also known as C-Shell, csh features a syntax somewhat like the C language. It allows (among other things) adding your own commands (aliasing), history substitution (re- execution of previously typed commands), and filename completion.

11. tcsh –This shell allows you to edit your command line while you're typing it, using emacs-like commands. It has a number of other nifty features, but is otherwise compatible with csh.

12. bash –Compatible with sh for programming purposes, it has many of the good features of csh and tcsh: file name completion, job control, history substitution, emacs command- line editing, and many more.