1. Unit 6 Some Notes on Gender-Neutral Language

2. General Two Examples The Solving Ways

3. male-centered patriarchal society Like any other language, however, English is always changing. Readers ’ expectation

4. In addition, we need to know how the shifting natural of language can make certain words awkward or misleading. So, here are two examples--- ” Man ” and “ He ”.

5. About “ man ” The time of Anglo-Saxons The 18th century In modern time

6. Anglo-Saxons( 盎格鲁撒克逊人 / 的语言 ) refer to Old English One example: an Anglo-Saxon writer referred to a seventh-century English princess as “ a wonderful man “ man=the Latin word homo “ a member of the human species ” not vir “ an adult male of the species ”

7. In old English Waepman -----man “ man ” continued to be used in generalizations about both sexes. Wifman-----woman

8. By the 18th century, the modern, narrow sense of “ man ” which refers to adult male human being was firmly established as the predominant one. Some examples in that period can certificate it.

9. “ Such a deplorable havoc is made in the minds of men (both sexes) in France …” ---The French Revolution Edmund Burke “ All men are created equal ” “ Governments are instituted among men ; deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. ” ---Tomas Jefferson

10. In modern dictionaries the definition that links “ man ” with males is the predominant

11. The first grammars of modern English It were written in the 16th and 17th centuries in order to help boys from the upper class prepare for the study of Latin. Key word : sex-inclusive ;male culture dominance; male-centered world view

12. “ They ” to “ He ” 1850 Act of Parliament The failure of the female physicians ’ attempt to be admitted into the all male Massachusetts Medical Society (ignored)

13. Pronoun Problem “ A doctor is a busy person; he must be able to balance a million obligations at once ” -men “ Dr. Jones is no exception: he has a clinic to run, medical students to supervise, and a husband with polio. ” -woman “ The average American needs the small routines of getting ready for work. As he shaves or blow-dries his hair or pulls on his panty hose, he is easing himself by small stages into the demands of the day. ” - woman

14. Solving the Pronoun Problem took “ they ” as an example “ If you love someone, set them free. ”— Sting “ It ’ s enough to drive anyone out of their senses ”— George Bernard Shaw “ I shouldn ’ t like to punish anyone, even if they ’ d done me wrong ”— George Eliot “ They ” is used as a singular

15. Here are four ways: “ He or She ” Pluralizing---A writer can often recast material in the plural. Eliminating Pronouns---Avoid having to use pronouns at all. Further Alternatives--- ” he/she ” or “ s/he ”, using one instead of “ he ”.