1. The Hard Question - How do Reconnection Physics and Macroscale Dynamics Cooperate in Determining Global System Behavior? ●For example, in the case of CMEs and substorms does rapid macroscale motion precede rapid reconnection or vice versa? ●In the case of the interaction between the solar wind and the magnetosphere is the transpolar voltage set by local reconnection physics or by a whole body interaction? ●Or do reconnection physics and macroscale dynamics interactively determine the outcome?

2. Forbes CME model Regarding CMEs, a macroscale instability leads to reconnection in the Forbes model

3. Hones substorm model The community conceptual model of a substorm has slow evolution leading to the onset of rapid reconnection

4. Time = 2:14 Time = 2:22Time = 2:24 Triggered Substorm Using OpenGGCM at CCMC What do macroscale MHD simulations say in this case? Does rapid reconnection precede motion or vice versa? Vice versa

5. Axford Conjecture Reconnection takes place at a rate determined by external boundary conditions. Examples: Dayside magnetopause reconnection CME reconnection (some models)

6. -33 kV33 kV ISM-MHD IMF Clock Angle 180 o Potential Weimer-Empirical Empirical ~ 1.1 x ISM-MHD

7. Raeder: 0.63 Weimer: 0.61 Ridley: 0.50 A Particularly Good Case models appear to match smoothed v y (100s) best