1. Nanotechnology and Societal Transformation Michael M. Crow Daniel Sarewitz Columbia University Societal Implications of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology NSF/NSTC’s NSET September 28-29, 2000

2. Current Policy Approach zAddresses: yConduct of S&T yProducts and processes of S&T zAssumes: yAll societal outcomes will be positive INPUTSProcessesProductsOutcomes

3. Human Context for Technological Change zUsually not consensual zWinners and losers zChanging social structure

4. Nanotechnology as a Unique Opportunity to Move From “Billiards” to “Ecosystems” Billiards Reactive, discontinuous, disruptive, and sequential Ecosystems Different sectors and activities continually co-evolve

5. Interfaces Outcomes Conduct of Science Science Policy

6. Societal Outcomes zSocial equity yDistribution of the benefits of S&T zSocial purpose yGoals we want to pursue or advance zSocial and economic enterprises yShape of institutions at the interface between technology and society

7. Indications of Societal Transformation zGMOs controversy zAffordability of AIDS drugs z40 million Americans without medical insurance zThe aging of our population zPublic school system/new knowledge economy zRising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels

8. Conduct of Science Economic Outcomes S&T Outcomes Societal Outcomes POLICY New industries Tech transfer Knowledge transfer Partnerships New social structures Education New skills New institutions Cycle Dynamics

9. Studying the Science-Society Interface Analysis Communication Technology Assessment Enterprise Assessment

10. Understanding the Dynamics of the Science-Society Interface zAnalysis of past and current societal responses to transforming technologies zComprehensive, real time assessment and monitoring of the nano S&T enterprise zCommunication initiative to foster dialogue among scientists, technologists, policy-makers, the media, and the public zConstructive technology assessment process with appropriate participants

11. Communication PublicPolicyScience Developers Media

12. Research Agenda zAnalysis yCase histories: how has society responded to technological advance? yRoles and relations between the media, academia, policy makers, institutions and cultural factors: what are the alternative trajectories of technology-induced social change? zEnterprise assessment yTrack a database of important nano activities over time: what are the directions of research? What resources are used? Public and private sector activities? Publications and patents? Institutional roles?

13. Research Agenda (cont’d) zCommunication yTrack and enhance processes by which nano diffuses from the lab to the outside world yMonitor how public attitudes evolve and how they feed back into the innovation system yIdentify determinants of effective communication zTechnology assessment yMap prospective innovation paths and develop metrics for measuring progress yBring together researchers, policy makers, and the public to link innovation to decisions and social goals

14. Goal zIntegrate societal outcomes research with the R&D process in order to more successfully manage the interaction of new knowledge and innovation with society Outcomes Conduct of Science Science Policy