1. Northern Europe Geography Activity

2. The Celtic Nations Alba Cymru Kernow Mannin Galicia Briezh Eire Scotland Wales Cornwall Isle of Man Spain Brittany Ireland

3. Rivers & Oceans Mountains Others Atlantic Ocean Ben Nevis Scotland Boyne Valley Thames River East Highlands Wales Barrow River Stonehenge Trent River West Highlands Cornwall Brecon Beacons Newgrange Severn River Snowdonia Isle of Man Lee River Wicklow Mountains Shannon River Iberian Peninsula Loire River Mournes Mountains Brittany Ireland

4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cg-F6QHkwyk

5. Cornwall

6. Wales Scotland Isle of Man Brittany

7. Topography Stonehenge

8. Built between 3100 and 1550 BC, Stonehenge is located on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England. Stonehenge's axis is pointed in the direction of the sunrise at the summer and winter solstices. Site used for Celtic Solstic Rituals http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4IF6LaC0eQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UXLWXepk1Uttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UXLWXepk1U

9. Druid Stonehenge Site

10. Ben Nevis Snowdon: The welsh name Eryri means 'place of the eagles' Carlin, known as the Queen of the Cailleach lives at Ben Nevis the highest mountain range in the united kingdom. She is known to have created the landscape and control the weather. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfeIbUaHNfs

11. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tE3PumAfOYo

12. Thames River The river's name is derived from the Celtic Temese and Tamesis or Tamesa - meaning "Dark one". The river Thames has its own diety, Old Father Thames, who appears as a bearded man with healing powers. A confluence of three rivers, where the Tyburn enters the Thames from the north and the Effra from the south, and the tidal turning point would have made this a sacred area for Celtic tribes. In 1998 the Thames Archaeological survey found the remains of a huge oak bridge built 3500 years ago were votive offerings of valuable goods to appease the spirits of the river were unearthed The Celts saw rivers as the life giving forces of health, and plenty, and offered them rich gifts and sacrifices. At one time rivers were thought of as deities with powers to cure illness (south-running rivers)

13. Topography

14. Boyne

15. The Boyne Valley is the believed resting place of The Dagda, Father of the Gods In Boyne Valley are Newgrange, Knowth and Dowth, centers of Celtic activity and rituals Newgrange’s chamber and passages are illuminated during winter solstice It was the Winter Solstice that was believed to be the time both of death and rebirth, in Celtic Tradition

16. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbKkwCx5zyM

17. the spiral was used to represent the sun A loosely wound anti- clockwise spiral represented the large summer sun. A tightly wound, clockwise spiral represented their shrinking winter sun. A double spiral is used to represent the equinoxes, when day and night are of equal length Newgrange Entry Stone

19. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGe-txewrJo

20. On the banks of the Shannon Rover, stands the ruin of one of the largest ancient Celtic monuments a place of learning and pilgrimage. According to Celtic legend, Rowan trees once dropped their bright red berries into a sparkling well full of salmon. Fish that ate the fruit grew red spots and great wisdom, and men labored to catch and eat these "fish of knowledge.“ Women were barred from catching the salmon. A brave rebel name Sionan caught and ate one of the wise fish. The next moment, a great flood burst from the well forever carrying her westward to the sea. This is now the longest river in the land.

21. Topography

22. Home of the goddess of fertility Brigene (sp) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMA7k_-jLSU