1. © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek1June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24 Informatics 121 Software Design I Lecture 3 André van der Hoek & Alex Baker Duplication of course material for any commercial purpose without the explicit written permission of the professor is prohibited.

2. © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek2June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24 Today’s Lecture Recap Defining design Four canonical complications Assignment 3

3. © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek3June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24 Recap You now have designed… –a statue for an award in excellence in software design

4. © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek4June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24 Recap You now have designed… –a statue for an award in excellence in software design –an ideal classroom seat to be mass produced

5. © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek5June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24 Recap You now have designed… –a statue for an award in excellence in software design –an ideal classroom seat to be mass produced –a bridge

6. © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek6June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24 Recap You now have designed… –a statue for an award in excellence in software design –an ideal classroom seat to be mass produced –a bridge You have reflected (some) upon these exercises…

7. © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek7June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24 Recap You now have designed… –a statue for an award in excellence in software design –an ideal classroom seat to be mass produced –a bridge You have reflected (some) upon these exercises… But what does all this have to do with software and software design?

8. Course Roadmap Over the next several weeks, we are going to take a detour into design in general, to eventually arrive at software design and its unique aspects We will, in parallel, start designing software, to continue our hands-on focus © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek8June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24

9. © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek9June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24 Defining Design Decision making, in the face of uncertainty, with high penalties for error To choose the things we use shall look as they do A creative activity—it involves bringing into being something new and useful that has not existed previously Relating product with situation to give satisfaction The imaginative jump from present facts to future possibilities To form a plan or scheme of, to arrange or conceive in the mind, … for later execution

10. © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek10June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24 Defining Design To initiate change in man-made things To plan or intend for a purpose To work out a solution in one’s mind The transition from possible solutions to a specific one …

11. Three Themes Design involves decision making to shape an envisioned future The decisions together form a plan for actually enacting changes in the world The changes are consequential: there are stakeholders who must be satisfied with the result © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek11June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24

12. Informatics 121 Definition To decide upon a plan for change in the world that, when realized, satisfies stakeholders © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek12June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24

13. Design © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek13June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24 designerplan change in the world experiencesaudience other stakeholders

14. © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek14June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24 Design Fields Abound There are countless design fields –architecture design –graphic design –fashion design –game design –chip design –car design –instrument design –product design –…

15. © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek15June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24 Design Fields Abound There are countless design fields –architecture design –graphic design –fashion design –game design –chip design –car design –instrument design –product design –… But also –law –chemical synthesis –process design –study design –…

16. © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek16June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24 Design Fields Abound There are countless design fields –architecture design –graphic design –fashion design –game design –chip design –car design –instrument design –product design –… But also –law –chemical synthesis –process design –study design –… And also –writing –painting –sculpting –music composition –…

17. © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek17June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24 Design Fields Abound There are countless design fields –architecture design –graphic design –fashion design –game design –chip design –car design –instrument design –product design –… But also –law –chemical synthesis –process design –study design –… And also –writing –painting –sculpting –music composition –… Software development is a design field, too!

18. Software Design © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek18June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24 designerplan change in the world experiencesaudience other stakeholders

19. Complication #1: Problem, Solution, Change The understanding of a design problem goes hand-in-hand with the understanding of its design solution This understanding may well change, sometimes dramatically so, during the design project The challenge is to anticipate this volatility and identify and focus on the essence of the design problem at hand © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek19June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24

20. Complication #2: Success, Failure, Tradeoffs A design’s success is not absolute, but judged relative to other possible designs that could have been made A designer must deal with tradeoffs all the time, and most likely cannot make all stakeholders equally satisfied with the change in the world The challenge is to identify key tradeoffs early © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek20June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24

21. Complication #3: Longevity A change in the world may last for a very long time… …and may well need to accommodate future changes in the world The challenge is to balance present needs with future possibilities © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek21June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24

22. Complication #4: Satisficing There is no optimal solution to a design problem, designers must find a solution that is good enough The challenge is to know when to stop the design process © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek22June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24

23. Routine, Adaptive, and Original Design © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek23June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24

24. Practice, Practice, Practice… To learn to navigate this space, and thus learn to be a designer, it is essential to practice, practice, practice There is no theory or magic formula that will teach you to be a designer, only theory that –will help you understand what it means to be a designer –provides you with a frame of mind through which you can usefully reflect upon your design activities and design products © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek24June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24

25. © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek25June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24 Design Studio 1 You are tasked with designing an “electronic info portal” to be placed at every single bus, metro, and train stop in Los Angeles and Orange County, the aim of which is to assist travelers Identify the different audiences and their uses Identify the other stakeholders and goals they may have Clearly document these in a typewritten document, to be handed in on Thursday October 7, at the beginning of class –separate list of audience & uses –separate list of other stakeholders & goals

26. © 2010 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek26June 25, 2015 – 08:15:24 Design Studio 1 (Continued) Assignment is on an individual basis, but will be continued in class on Thursday You should identify as many different audiences and other stakeholders as you can You should identify at least three goals for each stakeholder You should identify at least twenty distinct uses, though you should easily be able to identify many more The overall focus is on broad brainstorming –your document does not need to have lengthy narratives