1. Lesson 2 – Disarmament

2.  Review goals of NPT treaty.  Compare different types of weapons.  Identify key treaties regulating nuclear arsenals.  Describe Obama‘s nuclear policy & goals.

3.  What are the goals of the NPT? Non-Proliferation Disarmament Fair Access for Peaceful Use

4.  Nuclear States & Arsenals (~25-27K) Nuclear States & Arsenals NWS (Big 5) Non-signers (Israel, India, Pakistan) Non-compliers (NK)  Spread NNWS (Iran, Syria)  Terrorism Black market/theft

5.  Missiles deliver conventional or nuclear warheads No treaties to regulate  Ballistic Missiles – enter atmosphere  Cruise Missiles – fly closer to ground  Tactical – short range missiles  Strategic – longer range missiles  IRBM Tactical ~2,500 mile target “Pershing Missiles”  SLBM Strategic “Poseidon / Trident”  ICBM Strategic 20K mph, targets 9K miles away “Minutemen / MX” US fixed site, USSR mobile launchers  ABM Destroy offensive missiles in space…  National Missile Defense Systems National Missile Defense Systems

6.  US & Russia possess ~95% total global arsenal.  Since 1963 have worked to stop proliferation & reduce arsenals (most of the time!)

7.  LTBT (1963): US & Russia ban nuclear tests in atmosphere, underH20, & space…CTBT (1996 - …) banned tests in all environments ( ↓ground)  NPT (1968) : Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty  SALT I (1972): ABM Treaty – Limit ABM systems, Pledge to not build ABM defense systems (US withdrew to pursue NMD under GW Bush) Interim Agreement – Froze # of strategic offensive weapons at current levels  SALT II (1979): Reduce strategic forces to 2,250 each ICBM/SLBM/ASBM Limits # of warheads & weight per missile Banned new strategic missile dvpt

8.  INF TREATY (1987): Abolish all intermediate nuclear & conventional missiles (300-3400 m)…remove from E/W Euro  START I (1991): Reduced # of strategic nuclear warheads from 10K per side to 6K ICBM’s to 1,600 per side/SLBM to 880 per side  START II (1993) Reduce # of long-range missiles and nuclear warheads from 6K per side to 3,500K US/3K Rus. Banned multiple warheads in strategic missiles US reduce # of warheads on SLBM

9.  SORT (2002)- US & Russia limit # of nuclear warheads 1700– 2200 operationally deployed warheads each Provision aimed at preventing spread of WMD’s (material/tech) to terrorists.  New START (2010): Reduce # of nuclear warheads to 1,500 Limit # of ICBM/SLBM missiles & launchers and heavy bombers http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/26/AR2010032601943.html

10.  Now you are going to illustrate the treaty!!! You will be in groups of 2 or 3  This is a visual depiction of what the treaty does…if you can incorporate the acronym, great!  Review: Which treaties deal w/testing? Proliferation? Reduction?

11.  Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) Prague Speech Prevent nuclear terrorism Prevent proliferation Reduce the role of nuclear weapons in US defense Continued reduction w/Russia Renounce development new weapons Moving toward “Nuclear Zero”Nuclear Zero What does the President mean when he says “the threat of global nuclear war has gone down, but the risk of a nuclear attack has gone up”?

12.  Identify and describe the goals of three of the disarmament negotiations discussed today.

13.  What should our nuclear weapons policy look like? Should we keep nuclear weapons as an essential part of our security strategy? Or is nuclear zero the path to pursue?