1. CARMA Dick Plambeck UC Berkeley (for the CARMA consortium) www.mmarray.org URSI, 24 June 2003, Columbus, Ohio

2. + UChicago SZA 8 3.5-m antennas Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Assn. array 10 6.1-m diameter antennas Caltech array 6 10.4-m antennas

3. people OVRO D. Woody S. Scott J. Lamb D. Hawkins J. Carpenter A. Sargent G. Blake N. Scoville Berkeley D. Plambeck M. Wright A. Bolatto C. Kraybill M. Fleming L. Blitz W.J. Welch Maryland M. Pound P. Teuben K. Rauch S. Vogel L. Mundy A. Harris Illinois R. Plante D. Mehringer L. Snyder R. Crutcher L. Looney + programmers, engineers, technicians, postdocs, graduate students project manager: Tony Beasley

4. antennas 3 different antenna diameters - a heterogeneous array exploit new algorithms for mosaicing, high fidelity imaging sensitive to wide range of spatial frequencies; image large objects CARMACARMA + SZA # antennas1523 # baselines105253 collecting area773 m 2 850 m 2

5. M33

6. BIMA mosaic of M33 CO 1-0 115 GHz 759 pointing centers

7. BIMA mosaic of M33 ( Engargiola et al. 2003) 148 GMCs detected overlie HI filaments (HI image: Deul & van der Hulst 1987)

8. receivers for the 1mm and 3mm bands: 4 GHz bandwidth, 1 polarization at first light continuum sensitivity: 2-3 mJy/beam, in 1 minute 230 GHz brightness sensitivity: 1 K for 1 km/sec channel, 1'' beam, in 1 hour freq (GHz)OVROBIMASZA 210-270SIS 85-116SISSIS (70-116)MMIC 29-37HEMT 22MMIC

9. site selection and acquisition requirements: within 60 minute drive of existing OVRO infrastructure elevation 7000-9000 ft for good atmospheric transmission but low snow load 400-m diameter flat area, + baselines to 2 km avoid environmental battles all such sites are in Inyo National Forest, require Environmental Impact Report

10. Cedar Flat Juniper Flat OVRO environmental studies done for 2 sites

11. Juniper Flat – 7900’

12. Cedar Flat – 7300’

13. Cedar Flat: 20 min drive to OVRO on paved road, maintained (and plowed) by Caltrans Highway 168 simulated antenna

14.  Percentiles 25% < 0.12 50% < 0.16 75% < 0.28 225 GHz

15. BIMA antenna move keep dish and feed legs in one piece move 9 antennas in 8 weeks

16. OVRO antennas will be dismantled to pass through “the narrows”

17. array configurations 5 antenna configurations, approx 55 pads 2 km max baseline

18. Cedar Flat E-array (most compact) synth beam 4.5" at 230 GHz array center

19. E-array BIMA antennas within collision range SZA provides even shorter spacings combine with single dish measurements from 10.4-m antennas to recover all spatial frequencies

20. A-array 0.13" synth beam

21. u,v coverage for declination –30 4-hr observing track

22. A-array synthesized beam, declination –30 0.26 × 0.14" FWHM 5% contours

23. BIMA A-array detection of a stellar flare in Orion ( 86 GHz, synthesized beam 0.9 × 0.5" ) 20 Jan 2003 4 UT 20 Jan 2003 8 UT BN IRc2 30 mJy150 mJy

24. use common transporter for 6-m and 10-m antennas avoid ‘custom’ vehicle 50% of weight on tow vehicle for traction antenna transporter

25. transporter tow vehicle: 6-wheel drive military truck (Oshkosh MTVR)

28. fiberoptics all communication with antennas via 8 singlemode optical fibers use standard SMF 28 fiber - length change with temperature is 1 part in 10 5 use BIMA round trip phase measuring system to monitor fiber lengths

29. diurnal changes in fiber length (BIMA data from July 2002) 135’ of fiber at outdoor air temp (  = 200 nsec)  ~ 2 psec/C  ~ 180°/C at 230 GHz Sun hits fibers fiber lengths outdoor air temp

30. BIMA round trip phase measurement synth laser TRX cpl RXMXR cplRX phslck ref  fiber 1 fiber 2 advantage: no electronics at the antenna, just a fiber coupler disadvantage: lengths of fibers 1 and 2 must track with temperature and flexure (requires loose tube fiber)

31. raw phases on 3c454.3 through sunrise

32. phases on 3c454.3 through sunrise after correction

33. Caltech COBRA correlator based on FPGAs, not custom correlator chips 4 GHz bandwidth 256 channels, 20 MHz resolution 15 baselines

35. CARMA first light correlator uses COBRA hardware design 15 telescopes, 105 baselines 8 independent sections: –may be positioned anywhere in 4 GHz IF band –choose 2, 8, 31, 62, 125, 250, or 500 MHz bandwidth –velocity resolution 0.04 to 40 km s -1 / channel at 1.3 mm separate SZA correlator: 8 antennas, 28 baselines, 8 GHz bandwidth

36. COBRA: each board handles 5 baselines, 500 MHz/baseline, 32 chans/baseline CARMA: reprogram FPGAs to handle 10 baselines, add spectral line capability

37. timeline Jan 2003draft environmental document submitted Mar 2003Forest Service decision: Cedar Flat Jun 2003end of public comment period Aug 2003Forest Service record of decision Oct 2003appeals period ends early 2004SZA operational at high site mid 2004move OVRO and BIMA antennas to high site 2005begin operation

38. BIMA summer school

39. Alberto Bolatto testing prototype WVR in Berkeley

40. John Carlstrom repairing the Air Products refrigerator on receiver 3 Leslie Looney pulling underground fiber for long baselines

41. 7th graders at Hat Creek