1. What is this? PH1600: Introductory Astronomy Lecture 24: Life: Are We Alone?

2. PH1600: Introductory Astronomy Lecture 22: Life: Are We Alone? Study: Chapter 20 in The Cosmos book Next Lecture: Chapter 20: UFOs and Pseudoscience School: Michigan Technological University Professor: Robert Nemiroff Book: The Cosmos by Pasachoff & Filippenko Online Course WebCT pages: http://courses.mtu.edu/ This class can be taken online ONLY, class attendance is not required!

3. You are responsible for…  Reading the book One chapter per “quiz period” Anything from that chapter can appear on quizzes or tests, even if I never mention them during my lecture(s) This quiz period covers Chapters 18  APODs posted during the semester APOD review every week during lecture  Completing the Quizzes Chapter 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 18 & 19 quizzes already due Chapter 20 Quiz incorporated into Final Exam See WebCT at http://courses.mtu.edu/ for detailshttp://courses.mtu.edu/

4. The Drake Equation: N = R* x f p x n e x f l x f i x f c x L  N is the number of civilizations in our Galaxies that are contactable  R* is the rate of star formation  f p is the fraction of stars that have planets  n e is the number of habitable planets per above star  f l is the fraction of above planets that develop life  f i is the fraction of above life planets that develop intelligent life  f c is the fraction of intelligent life planets that are contactable  L is the expected lifespan of such a intelligent life civilization

5. The Drake Equation  Possible plausible values: R*=10 stars/year; fp=0.5; ne=2 fl=1; fi=0.01; fc=0.01; L=10,000 years  Then N~10  Where are they: Fermi Paradox

6. Life in Our Solar System  Mars Ancient or modern  Jupiter’s MoonEuropa Underground seas Frozen fish in orbit?  Saturn’s Moon Titan Hydrocarbon seas, rain  Saturn’s Moon Enceladus Underground seas  Anywhere else? Cloudtops of Jupiter?

7. Water Ice in a Martian Crater Credit: G. Neukum (FU Berlin) et al., Mars Express, DLR, ESA; Image created for and Copyright: Nature APOD: 2005 July 20

8. Unusual Plates on Mars Credit: G. Neukum (FU Berlin) et al., Mars Express, DLR, ESA APOD: 2005 February 28

9. Light Deposits Indicate Water Flowing on Mars Credit: Mars Global Surveyor APOD: 2006 December 12

10. Pictured: An Ancient Martian? Credit: D. McKay (NASA /JSC), et al., NASA APOD: 1997 August 16

11. Early Microscopic Life on Mars? Credit: courtesy NASA APOD: 1996 August 7

12. Tantalizing Titan Credit: Cassini Imaging Team, SSI, JPL, ESA, NASA APOD: 2004 October 28

13. Methane Rain Possible on Titan Illustration Credit & Copyright: Mark Garlick (Space-art.co.uk) APOD: 2006 August 2

14. Possible Methane Lakes on Titan Credit: Cassini Radar Mapper, JPL, ESA, NASA APOD: 2006 July 31

15. Enceladus and the Search for Water Credit: Cassini Imaging Team, SSI, JPL, ESA, NASA APOD: 2006 March 10

16. Fountains Discovered on Saturn's Enceladus Credit: Cassini Imaging Team, SSI, JPL, ESA, NASA APOD: 2005 December 5

17. Enceladus Ice Volcanos Illustration Credit & Copyright: Michael Carroll APOD: 2006 June 8

18. The Very Large Array of Radio Telescopes Credit: Dave Finley, AUI, NRAO, NSF APOD: 2006 May 14

19. A Big Dish at the VLA Radio Observatory Credit & Copyright: Victor Bobbett APOD: 2006 November 29

20. Arecibo: The Largest Telescope Credit: NAIC, Cornell U., NSF APOD: 1998 November 29

21. Radio, The Big Ear, And The Wow! Signal Credit and Copyright: Rick Scott APOD: 1998 September 17

22. How to Search for Aliens Credit: SETI@home, UC Berkeley SETI Team APOD: 1999 May 17

23. An Anomalous SETI Signal Credit & Copyright: SETI League 2004 March 7

24. The Voyagers' Message in a Bottle Credit: Voyager Project, JPL, NASA APOD: 2002 August 31

25. A Message From Earth Credit: Frank Drake (UCSC) et al., Arecibo Observatory (Cornell, NAIC) 2005 March 13

26. A Cosmic Call to Nearby Stars Credit & Copyright: Yuvan Dutil & Stephane Dumas 2006 April 2

27. M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules Credit & Copyright: Eddie Guscott APOD: 2004 May 11

28. The Lost World of Lake Vida Credit & Copyright: Thomas Nylen et al., NASA, NSF APOD: 2004 April 4

29. Searching for Meteorites in Antarctica Credit & Copyright: Ralph P. Harvey (CWRU), Antarctic Search for Meteorites Program, NASA, NSF APOD: 2002 December 26

30. A Meteorite From Mars Credit: JSC, NASA APOD: 1996 August 17

31. 55 Cancri: Familiar Planet Discovered Illustration Credit & Copyright: Lynette Cook APOD: 2002 June 14

32. Other Worlds and HD 38529 Illustration Credit: Copyright 2000 Lynette Cook APOD: 2000 August 10

33. Pictured: An Ancient Martian? Credit: D. McKay (NASA /JSC), et al., NASA APOD: 1997 August 16