1. Integration of Internet and Wireless Technologies Saud A. Al-Semari Center for Communications and Computer Research, KFUPM E-mail: semari@ieee.org

2. Outline Introduction Wireless Data GPRS WAP 3rd Generation Wireless Systems Summary

3. Internet Today Accessible from Desktop or Laptop Computers Use of HTML as a standard markup language HTTP as the standard transfer protocol Web Browsers for display of content Facilities like Java Script to add dynamic behavior to HTML documents By the end of 2000, 300 million users

4. Wireless By the end of 1999, worldwide cellular subscriber base reached 470 million (8% worldwide) Worldwide 1999 revenues $280 billion More mobile phones were shipped in 1999 than the total number of cars and PCs together Expected to reach 1.4 billion subscribers by 2005 with annual revenue of $700 billion (21% worldwide) By 2005, cellular penetration will reach 84% in Western Europe and 80% in North America

5. Growth in Wireless Subscribers (1997)

6. Cellular Technologies GSM is the world’s largest deployed system –400 operators –244 million (end of 1999) –Expected to reach 750 million by 2005 CDMA –11% of worldwide cellular base (end of 1999) –Expected to reach 26% by 2005

7. Limitations in Wireless Less bandwidth More latency Connection not stable Availability Handheld devices –Limited CPU and less memory –Limited power consumption –Smaller displays and limited keyboard BUT MOBILITY

8. Wireless Data Applications E-mail download Fax News, weather, traffic Internet, intranet, on-line e-mail E-commerce Wireless multimedia

9. Wireless Data Growth 1998: wireless data is only 4% of wireless traffic 2005: wireless data will comprise 70% In Japan, more than 2 million subscribers use their wireless handsets to send e-mail and access the Internet By 2004, 40% of B2C e-commerce will be initiated from wireless devices Wireless will be the door to future of communications Information will be the key to the door

10. Enabling Technologies GPRS WAP 3G

11. Current Data Services in GSM Cicuit Switched operation –Uplink and downlink channels allocated for a user for the entire call –The user pays for the connection time not for the amout of data –Connection establishment time ~ 20 seconds –Connection to any modem service in PSTN –Data transmission rate standardized with only 9.6 kbit/s

12. HSCSD (High-Speed Circuit Switched Data) Already standardized Bundles several time-slots to get higher AIUR (Air Interface User Rate) (e.g., 57.6 kbit/s using 4 slots, 14.4 each) Advantage: ready to use, constant quality, simple Disadvantage: channels blocked for voice transmission

13. GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) General: not restricted to GSM Packet switching Service, not System: existing BSS (partially also NSS) infrastructure is used Uses free slots only if data packets ready to send (e.g., 115 kbit/s using 8 slots temporarily)

14. GPRS Features Resources are reserved only when needed and charged accordingly Connection setup times are reduced Flexible channel allocation –one to eight time slots –available resources shared by active users –up and down link channels reserved separately –GPRS and circuit switched GSM services can use same time slots alternatively Disadvantage: more investment needed

15. GPRS Applications IP based applications –WWW, FTP, Telnet, … –Any conventional TCP/IP based applications X.25 based applications GPRS specific protocol based –Point-to-point applications –Point-to-multipoint applications –Weather info, road traffic info, news SMS delivery

16. GPRS Network Elements GSN (GPRS Support Nodes): GGSN and SGSN –GGSN (Gateway GSN): Interworking unit between GPRS and PDN (Packet Data Network) –SGSN (Serving GSN): Supports the MS (location, billing, security) GR (GPRS Register) –User addresses

17. Other Elements BG (Border Gateway) –(Not defined within GPRS) –Routes packets from SGSN/GGSN of one operator to a SGSN/GGSN of another operator –Provides protection against intruders from external networks DNS (Domain Name Server) –Translates addresses (i.e. as used in Internet) Charging Gateway –Collects charging information from SGSNs and GGSNs

18. SGSN GPRSRegisterH/VLR GGSN SGSN MSC BTS BSC GMSC Peer Elements CircuitSwitchedTraffic PacketTraffic HLR/AUCGPRSRegister A-bis PCU Gb Gi Gn MAP ‘A’ GGSN PSTN Architecture - GSM with GPRS Public Switched Packet Network

19. GPRS mobile types Class A: –Simultaneous GPRS and conventional GSM operation –Supports simultaneous circuit switched and GPRS data transfer Class B: –Can be registered for both GPRS and conventional GSM services simultaneously –Supports either circuit switched calls or GPRS data transfer but not simultaneous communication Class C: –Can only be registered for packet OR circuit but not both.

20. What is WAP? WAP is the de facto standard for the delivery of internet content over wireless handheld devices. Supported by most of handset manufacturers and network operators The WAP Forum is the industry association comprising over 200 members

21. WAP Main Features Leverages on existing Internet standards, HW and SW Independent of the air interface Promotes open standard Device independent Provide privacy and security

22. WAP Forum Started in June 1997 (Ericsson, Nokia, Motorola and phone.com) WAP 1.0 released (April 1998) WAP 1.1 released (June 1999) WAP 1.2 to be released soon

23. Source: Nokia Internet with WAP : Small LCD Screens HTML » XML - WML Microbrowsers WML script

24. Web Server Content CGI Scripts etc. WML Decks with WML-Script WAP Gateway WML Encoder WMLScript Compiler Protocol Adapters Client WML WML- Script WTA Etc. HTTPWSP/WTP Source: WAP forum. The WAP Architecture

25. A Comparison of Wired and Wireless Internet Source: WAP forum

26. The WAP Microbrowser Requires minimal RAM, ROM, Display area, processor power and keys Provides Internet compatibility to the wireless terminal Enables wide array of available content and applications to be displayed to the mobile user

27. Wireless Application Environment Wireless Markup Language (WML): lightweight markup language designed to meet the constraints of the wireless environment WML Script: adds more logic and computational functionality Wireless Telephony Application (WTA): provides an interface to the phone’s features and functions Wireless Session Protocol (WSP): is the binary version of HTTP 1.1

28. Directly inherits technology from HTML and HDML No mouse, just keys….. WML is a tag-based browsing language Small screen management (text, images on LCDs) Data input (text, menu bar, selection lists, etc.) Hyperlinks, keys and navigation support WML

29. Derived from JavaScript™ Integrated with WML Powerful extension mechanism (to WML) Reduces the overall network traffic Scripting language: Procedural logic, functions, variables, loops, conditionals, programming constructs etc. Optimized for small RAM, small ROM devices with less powerful processors WML Script

30. 3G: What is it? Wider band -- 5MHz –CDMA 1.25MHz, GSM 200KHz Mobile multimedia –up to 144Kbps while driving –up to 384Kbps while walking –up to 2Mbps for the home or office Ubiquity –Global roaming –Dense urban, suburban, rural coverage

31. 3G Standards GSM (9.6 Kbps - circuit) 2.5G: GPRS (115 Kbps - packet) 3G: UMTS (384 Kbps and 2 Mbps - packet) cdmaOne (9.6 and 14.4 Kbps - circuit/packet) cdma2000-1x (144 Kbps - packet) cdma2000-3x (384 Kbps and 2 Mbps - packet)

32. IMT-2000 Global system for wireless communications Multi-environment (vehicular, pedestrian, indoor and satellite) Packet and circuit switched data Multimedia support Spectrum in the 2 GHz band

33. IMT-2000 Family of Systems Originally, IMT-2000 was to embrace a single worldwide wireless standard It was not possible to unite 2G systems under one 3G technology To ensure both current investments and global compatibility, IMT-2000 will now be seen as a “family of standards” All family members must have core networks which interface with other family members

34. Summary Huge growth in wireless data applications There exists a huge potential for the marriage of Internet and wireless Enabling Technologies (GPRS, WAP and 3G) Wireless => Anywhere Internet => Anytime Wireless Internet => ANYWHERE ANYTIME Other aspects (fixed wireless internet access)

35. More Information My e-mail: semari@ieee.org www.wapforum.com www.ericsson.com www.nokia.com www.motorola.com www.phone.com www.itu.net/imt-2000/