1. Current Events “April 25, 2001 The State of Florida on Tuesday approved the establishment of a 150-square-mile marine ecological reserve that will be the nation's largest no-fishing zone.” Reported by Reuters in Outside.

2. HCP & Cons. Biol. (97 spp.) Category of Theory (Impact Assessment) GeneticsPopn.Behav.ETIBComm.Ecosystem Expert Opinion409975 Qualitative19115 2 Limited Quantitative1173352 Quantitative218751213 Quantitative Model000001 Times Theory Used84430223523

3. ESA For success stories, see: http://www.edf.org/pubs/Reports/Road2Recovery/ Wilcove, D.S. et al. 1996. Rebuilding the Ark: Toward a More Effective Endangered Species Act for Private Land. Environmental Defense Fund

4. ESA Wilcove, D.S. et al. 1996. Rebuilding the Ark: Toward a More Effective Endangered Species Act for Private Land. Environmental Defense Fund

5. ESA Backlog of unaddressed listing petitions Failure to develop and implement recovery plans in a timely fashion Lack of adequate funding to meet objectives Inefficient, expensive, and biased toward “charismatic megafauna” having broad public appeal

6. Hot Spots To qualify as a hotspot, an area must contain at least 1,500 of the world's 300,000 plant species and lost 70% or more of its primary vegetation Myers, N., et al. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853-858.

7. Hot Spots “25 hotspots contain the sole remaining habitats of 44% of the Earth's plant species and 35% of its vertebrate species, and these habitats face a high risk of elimination.” “An aggregate expanse of 800,767 square kilometres, 38% of the hotspots total, is already protected in parks and reserves” Myers, N., et al. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853-858.

8. http://www.gap.uidaho.edu/

9. Gap Analysis http://www.gap.uidaho.edu/

10. Gap Analysis http://www.gap.uidaho.edu/

11. “The Three C’s”

12. Current Events “Interior Secretary Gale A. Norton is preparing to shelve the Clinton administration's plan to reintroduce grizzly bears into the Idaho and Montana wilderness, deferring to state officials and frightened residents who have battled to keep America's largest predators away from their rural communities, sources say” - Michael Grunwald Washington Post, 4/25/01; Page A02

13. Interaction Conservation “[w]hat escapes the eye... is a much more insidious kind of extinction: the extinction of ecological interactions - Janzen

14. Interaction Conservation

15. Thompson, J. N. 1996. Evolutionary ecology and the conservation of biodiversity. TREE 11:300-303. Both ecological and evolutionary consequences Geographic-mosaic theory of evolution / coevolution

16. Geographic Mosaic Theory Species are groups of genetically differentiated populations Outcomes of interactions vary among communities Interacting species differ in their geographic ranges Thompson, J. N. 1997. Evaluating the dynamics of coevolution among geographically structured populations. Ecology 78:1619-1623.

17. Geographic Mosaic Theory Thompson, J. N. 1997. Evaluating the dynamics of coevolution among geographically structured populations. Ecology 78:1619-1623.

18. Should we focus conservation efforts on: A.Wilderness areas: Pristine areas far from human contact B.Wildlife areas bordering “high density” human populations

19. Gardenification Janzen, D. 1998. Gardenification of Wildland Nature and the Human Footprint. Science 279:1312-1313. Janzen, D. 1999. Gardenification of tropical conserved wildlands: Multitasking, multicropping, and multiusers. PNAS 96:5987-5994.