1. RAFT Radar Fence Transponder Mission Completion Review 6 May 08 Bob Bruninga, CDR USN (ret) MIDN 1/C David Koeppel MIDN 1/C Brent Kolb MIDN 1/C Jeff Robeson MIDN 1/C Kyle Vandegriff

2. RAFT Mission Summary 2May 2008 RAFT Kickoff Apr 04 RAFT Kickoff Apr 04 RAFT USNA SRR Sep 04 RAFT USNA SRR Sep 04 RAFT PDR19 Nov 04 RAFT PDR19 Nov 04 RAFT Phase 0/1 Safety16 Dec 04 RAFT Phase 0/1 Safety16 Dec 04  RAFT Phase 2 Safety10 Feb 05  RAFT CDR23 Feb 05 RAFT Flight Unit Testing26 Jan 05RAFT Flight Unit Testing26 Jan 05 RAFT Phase 3 Safety22 Feb 06RAFT Phase 3 Safety22 Feb 06  RAFT Delivery/Install July 06  RAFT Flight (STS-116) Dec 06  De-Orbit 30 May 07 Key Milestones: Schedule

3. RAFT Mission Summary 3May 2008 Mission: So Many CUBEsats 30 to 50 in Construction AIAA/USU Small Sat Conference 30% of papers were for PICO, NANO and CUBEsats All smaller than 10 cm How to Track ???

4. RAFT Mission Summary 4May 2008 Mission Statement  To provide the Navy Space Surveillance (NSSS) radar fence with a means to determine the bounds of a constellation of PicoSats otherwise undetectable by the radar fence  To enable NSSS to independently calibrate their transmit and receive beams using signals from RAFT.  This must be accomplished with two PicoSats, one that will actively transmit and receive, and one with a passively augmented radar cross-section.  Additionally, RAFT will provide experimental communications transponders for the Navy Military Affiliate Radio System, the United States Naval Academy’s Yard Patrol crafts, and the Amateur Satellite Service.   RAFT1Education for 16 Astronautics Majors Senior projects Robeson, Paquette (06) - Orloff, Kinzbrunner, and Rose(05) - Baker, Tuttle, Colvin (04) Abbott, Atwater, Brandt, Hansen, McLean(03). And 3 in (02)

5. RAFT Mission Summary 5May 2008 NSSS Radar Fence

6. RAFT Mission Summary 6May 2008 NSS Radar Fan beam (E/W)  Horizon to Horizon down only -6 dB

7. RAFT Mission Summary 7May 2008 NSS Fan Beam N/S  Only 0.8 degrees North/South

8. RAFT Mission Summary 8May 2008 -12 dBm at 1000 km

9. RAFT Mission Summary 9May 2008 XP-217 Radar Fence Transpopnder  Design a very small receiver for the NSSS Radar suitable for a cubesat  Include an Oscillator for NSSS to hear us. Northeastern University GSI Lumonics

10. RAFT Mission Summary 10May 2008

11. RAFT Mission Summary 11May 2008 RAFT1 Mission Architecture

12. RAFT Mission Summary 12May 2008 RAFT Block Diagram

13. RAFT Mission Summary 13May 2008 Fail-Safe Reset Timer  Cold boots CPU if no TLM every minute

14. RAFT Mission Summary 14May 2008 Simplified Power System Charge in Parallel Transmit in Series Duty cycle 4% 100 mA 60 mA Charge in Parallel and TX in series

15. RAFT Mission Summary 15May 2008 RAFT1 Network Architecture Global Volunteer Ground Station Network Internet Linked for live Telemetry

16. RAFT Mission Summary 16May 2008 RAFT1 Mission Architecture APRS Global Packet Radio Network Internet Linked for live Communications

17. RAFT Mission Summary 17May 2008 Space User Baseline PCSAT validates our links Vandegriff SCIENCE USNA-0203 APRS Satellite User Plot 18 Apr 06 See www.ariss.net

18. RAFT Mission Summary 18May 2008 Military Affiliate Radio System The Mission of the MARS system is to:  Provide auxiliary communications for military, federal and local disaster management officials  Assist in effecting communications under emergency conditions.  Handle morale and quasi-official communications traffic for members of the Armed Forces and authorized U.S. Government civilian personnel  Provide routine operations in support of MARSGRAMS and … contacts between service personnel and their families back home home.

19. RAFT Mission Summary 19May 2008 MARScom Mission Architecture Military Affiliate Radio System

20. RAFT Mission Summary 20May 2008 Yard Patrol Craft Application Unique UHF AM Uplink and HF SSB downlink

21. RAFT Mission Summary 21May 2008 MARScom Block Diagram

22. RAFT Mission Summary 22May 2008 RAFT1 and MARScom 5” Cubes 3 Antennas Each Identical Mechanical

23. RAFT Mission Summary 23May 2008 RAFT1 and MARScom 5” Cubes 3 Antennas Each Identical Mechanical

24. RAFT Mission Summary 24May 2008 RAFT Deployment Velocity of pair: 1.8 m/s Velocity of RAFT: 2.6 m/s Velocity of MARScom: 1.2 m/s Was 1.5, 1.3 & 1.8

25. RAFT Mission Summary 25May 2008 Flight Model Separation Test

26. RAFT Mission Summary 26May 2008 Mechanical Design

27. RAFT Mission Summary 27May 2008 Raft1 Electronics Systems TNCInterface Brd

28. RAFT Mission Summary 28May 2008 Raft1 Electronics Systems TransmitterReceiver and XP-217

29. RAFT Mission Summary 29May 2008 RAFT1 Internal Diagram Top View Ant pocket & Sep SW

30. RAFT Mission Summary 30May 2008 MARS Panels and Boards Batteries and TX-Interface board RCVR TNC

31. RAFT Mission Summary 31May 2008 Inside View

32. RAFT Mission Summary 32May 2008 Assembly Plan

33. RAFT Mission Summary 33May 2008 GSE Side Panel GSE port Windup port COTS Silicon Cells on PCB panel Covered with Clear Teflon Coating 1.5 Watt panel Mechanically rugged for rain/hail/birds PCsat Flight Heritage

34. RAFT Mission Summary 34May 2008 Top Panel VHF Antenna holes HF whip hole Pockets for other satellite antennas and Sep Switch

35. RAFT Mission Summary 35May 2008 Ballast for RAFT1

36. RAFT Mission Summary 36May 2008 RAFT1 Lead Ballast Encapsulated in Kapton tape

37. RAFT Mission Summary 37May 2008 RAFT Lifetime Estimate 6.5 Months 2.5 Mo

38. RAFT Mission Summary 38May 2008 Aerospace 5510 RAFT Launcher

39. RAFT Mission Summary 39May 2008 RAFT Antenna Separation Mechanisms

40. RAFT Mission Summary 40May 2008 RAFT Antenna Springs

41. RAFT Mission Summary 41May 2008 RAFT Antenna Springs

42. RAFT Mission Summary 42May 2008 Long-Wire Antenna ~2.5”

43. RAFT Mission Summary 43May 2008

44. RAFT Mission Summary 44May 2008 ANDE/RAFT - USNA Pre-Launch Intgration and Prep

45. RAFT Mission Summary 45May 2008 RAFT microgravity Separation Test March 30 th – April 8 th (“Test of Opportunity”) Robeson

46. RAFT Mission Summary 46May 2008 Test 5” cubesat separation system Robeson

47. RAFT Mission Summary 47May 2008 Good Initial Deployment

48. RAFT Mission Summary 48May 2008 What happened?

49. RAFT Mission Summary 49May 2008Sequence  We suspect a stuck antenna.  Maybe one of the four antennas, after being compressed in the pre-launch configuration for maybe 6 months prior to launch against the bottom of the antenna sleeve, may have embedded itself into the Scotch 2216 Epoxy.  At the instant of final separation, that momentary impulse for the “stuck antenna tip to release” imparted torques on the spacecraft.  Marscom ended up at almost 80 RPM and RAFT at about 40 RPM … Play Video …

50. RAFT Mission Summary 50May 2008 Initial Tip-Off rate 80 RPM?

51. RAFT Mission Summary 51May 2008 Magnetic Stabilization  Vertical North/South  Horizontal East/West

52. RAFT Mission Summary 52May 2008 Ops Normal Telemetry  This image shows 7.3 Volt Bus  A cool.2 C temperature  No solar current (during eclipse)

53. RAFT Mission Summary 53May 2008 COTS Solar Panel Performance Very Low Cost $20 Solar Panels (PCsat Heritage)Very Low Cost $20 Solar Panels (PCsat Heritage) Cost 2% of triple junction.Cost 2% of triple junction. Provide 50% of the performanceProvide 50% of the performance Degrade twice as fast (50% of life)Degrade twice as fast (50% of life) 26 attitude configurations for cube satellite26 attitude configurations for cube satellite  6 for one side (power factor of 1)  12 for one edge (power factor of 1.4)  8 for on corner (power factor of 1.7) AVERAGE POWER FACTOR for CUBESAT:AVERAGE POWER FACTOR for CUBESAT: (assume equal opportunity rotation): 1.4 (assume equal opportunity rotation): 1.4

54. RAFT Mission Summary 54May 2008 Solar Panel Performance CONCLUSION: 10 to 25% added current from albedoCONCLUSION: 10 to 25% added current from albedo

55. RAFT Mission Summary 55May 2008 Solar Panel Life 7% per year on PCSAT

56. RAFT Mission Summary 56May 2008 Thermal Performance

57. RAFT Mission Summary 57May 2008 RAFT 4 mW Osc Detection

58. RAFT Mission Summary 58May 2008 Raft Oscillator detection DK3WN commanding

59. RAFT Mission Summary 59May 2008 Radar Fence Doppler Plot  PE1ITR data

60. RAFT Mission Summary 60May 2008 Difficulty of RADAR Ops from USNA  Link budget required 10 degree elevation  This limited range to USNA  There was no mutual vissibility of NSSS Fence and USNA  We were dependent on volunteer ground stations for data

61. RAFT Mission Summary 61May 2008 UC – Irvine Detection  Low Horizon pass for Fence  Low horizon pass for UC-Irvine  3 days before re-entry!

62. RAFT Mission Summary 62May 2008 SPASUR Fence Detection  RAFT designed to detect the Fence  Report radar Doppler and fence crossing to ground

63. RAFT Mission Summary 63May 2008 SPASUR Tracking Data on MARScom (augmented for 217 MHz) SPASUR Tracking Data on RAFT (not augmented) 1.2 RMS RMS 2.5 50% Improvement with Marscom Passive Augmentation

64. RAFT Mission Summary 64May 2008 Space User Baseline PCSAT validates our links Vandegriff SCIENCE USNA-0203 APRS Satellite User Plot 18 Apr 06 See www.ariss.net RAFT User Operations

65. RAFT Mission Summary 65May 2008 RAFT User Operations  Joint Operations with ARISS,PCSAT-1 1-19 Jan Conjunctions with ANDE 10 Feb 7 Mar 26 Mar 11 Apr 25 Apr 5 May

66. RAFT Mission Summary 66May 2008 RAFT Synergy with Other Universities  USA Schools Auburn, Colorado, Cornell, DartmouthAuburn, Colorado, Cornell, Dartmouth DelMarVa, Florida, Hawaii, UC-IrvineDelMarVa, Florida, Hawaii, UC-Irvine Louisiana, Minnessota, MIT, MontanaLouisiana, Minnessota, MIT, Montana NotreDame, NoVa-HS, NPGSNotreDame, NoVa-HS, NPGS Princeton, U-Michigan, USAFA, USCGAPrinceton, U-Michigan, USAFA, USCGA  Other Schools S.Africa, Brazil, Argentina, PortugalS.Africa, Brazil, Argentina, Portugal UK, Guam, Italy, Japan, Australia, NZUK, Guam, Italy, Japan, Australia, NZ Mongolia, Moscow, Indonesia, ThailandMongolia, Moscow, Indonesia, Thailand

67. RAFT Mission Summary 67May 2008 RAFT Synergy with Amateur Satellite Service  Volunteer Antenna Modelers  Volunteer Ground stations Oregon, Calif, Hawaii, London, GermanyOregon, Calif, Hawaii, London, Germany Japan, Australia, New ZealandJapan, Australia, New Zealand South Africa, AntarcticaSouth Africa, Antarctica  Volunteer Command Stations  Volunteer re-entry tracking  Volunteer Science downlink stations

68. RAFT Mission Summary 68May 2008  The comm channels can potentially draw from over 30,000 experimenters for easy assessment of loading and scaling issues.  Not only the sensors and users exist, but the global Internet collection and distribution system also exists from PCSAT1 & 2, ANDE and RAFT.  Our Satellites provide a low cost educational transponder supporting not only GPS position reporting but also remote WX stations and other data link experiments and other University and School Experiments.

69. RAFT Mission Summary 69May 2008 RAFT Groundstations

70. RAFT Mission Summary 70May 2008 RAFT Presentations/Papers  AIAA/USU Small Sat Conf (alternate)  AMSAT Symposium 2004,5,6,7  AMSAT-DC annual meetings  USNA Satellite Labs Comm LabsComm Labs Comm labsComm labs Tracking labsTracking labs Operations LabsOperations Labs

71. RAFT Mission Summary 71May 2008 De-Orbit Telemetry  De-orbit Telemetry Award  For collecting Telemetry and data We actually did not get the Award prepared until it was time for ANDE Deorbit, but it was mostly all of the same stations… http://www.ande-deorbit.com

72. RAFT Mission Summary 72May 2008 Questions?

73. RAFT Mission Summary ICSat (USNA-0201)  Objectives  Educate First Class Midshipmen in the Astronautics curriculum of the Aerospace Engineering major in spacecraft design, systems engineering, program management techniques, cost, scheduling, flight certification and safety procedures, and spacecraft testing.  Move data via RF Link using TCP/IP and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)

74. RAFT Mission Summary ICSat Block Diagram Inside ICSat Enclosure Outside ICSat Enclosure Other Locations Miteq AMF-4F-01000200-12-10P 1-2GHz, 60db Gain, 1.2db NF Miteq AMF-3B-020040-20-30P 2-4GHz, 35db Gain, +30dbm max out Mini-Circuits ZFRSC-42 -6.5db per port Mini-Circuits ZJL-3G 0.2-3GHz, 14-19db Gain Receiver Low Noise Amplifier Transmitter D/A Converter Demod- ulator Modulator Combiner Splitter Low Noise Amplifier Low Noise Amplifier Power Amplifier Power Amplifier ComBlock 3003-A ComBlock 1001 2202.26 MHz 1767.00 MHz ComBlock 4001 -8dbm max ComBlock 2001 ComBlock 1002 Signal/Power Conditioning Control and Data to/from Computer RX antenna 1 RX antenna 2 TX antenna 1 TX antenna 2 +5V 300ma +5V 250ma +15V 230ma each +5V 650ma +5V 120ma +5V 300ma +12V 50ma +15V 950ma each +5V 140ma ComBlock 5101 Mini-Circuits ZFSC-2-2500.01-2.5GHz (+3-1.5db) gain

75. RAFT Mission Summary ICSat (USNA-0201)  Results  Educate First Class Midshipmen:  --This objective was fully achieved. Ten Midshipmen in five graduating classes and three majors worked on the ICSat experiment directly; an additional 46 worked on the development of the MidSTAR-1 satellite and were required to take the interface requirements of the experiment into consideration in completing their design activities.  Move data via RF Link using TCP/IP and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) -- This objective was not achieved. The experiment failed during integration with insufficient time remaining to troubleshoot and repair before launch. The experiment was flown "as is." No attempt has been made to activate it on orbit.