1. Vermelding onderdeel organisatie June 25, 2015 1 Cadastral domain modelling, a first step towards a cadastral domain ontology ? Christiaan Lemmen 1, Paul van der Molen 1, Peter van Oosterom 2, Hendrik Ploeger 2, Wilko Quak 2, Jantien Stoter 2, and Jaap Zevenbergen 2 1) ITC Enschede + Kadaster Apeldoorn, The Netherlands 2) OTB, GIS technology, Delft, The Netherlands COST G9 Meeting, Sopron, Hungary, 16-18 October 2003 underlying paper: A Modular Standard for the Cadastral Domain; 3rd International Symposium on Digital Earth, Brno, September 21-25, 2003

2. June 25, 20152 Agenda 1.Introduction 2.Types of Rights 3.Cadastral Domain Model 4.Dynamic aspects 5.Conclusions

3. June 25, 20153 Scope and motivation for a standardized Cadastral Domain Model Covers both land registry and cadastre in broad sense (multipurpose cadastre) Main advantages: 1.Avoids re-implementing same functionality again, and provides a basis extensible model driven approach 2.Provides a common framework of concepts (ontology), enabling efficient communication Design goals: model should be as simple as possible, transparent and modular

4. June 25, 20154 Technology push vs. Market pull Geo-ICT developments: Modeling standards, Database technology, Positioning systems, Internet development, Wireless communication  Geometry accepted in mainstream ICT User requirements of Cadastral systems change over time, due to: Change in legislation, Governmental policy, New tasks for the organization, New technology Therefore, generic and flexible systems needed  Model Driven Architecture based on conceptual models described in UML

5. June 25, 20155 Core Cadastral Domain Model Progress until now (1) In 2000 a first proposal was made to create ‘Land title and tenure SIG’ within OGC (not successful) FIG April 2002, Washington, US, proposal by Lemmen/ van Oosterom: Core Cadastral Model Now part of FIG working plan 2002-2006 Version 1 of the Model: Presentation to OGC, Noordwijk, NL, Sept. 2002 COST Workshop, Delft, NL, November 2002

6. June 25, 20156 Core Cadastral Domain Model Progress until now (2) Version 2 of the Model (inclusion of comments): Cadastral Data Modeling workshop, ITC Enschede, March 2003 (with ESRI) Presented at FIG working week, Paris, April 2003 Several publications in GIM International 2002-2003 OGC announced in March 2003 the ‘Property and Land Information Initiative’ (LPI Initiative)

7. June 25, 20157 Core Cadastral Domain Model Progress until now (3) Version 3 of the Model (multi-purpose cadastre, refinements and by more authors, domain specialists): presented at Digital Earth, Brno, Sept. 2003 now presented at COST G9 Meeting, Sopron, Oct. 2003 ESRI would be interested in a workshop on the legal/administrative side of the model

8. June 25, 20158 Cadastre Land Registry, Public Registers Field Sketches Cadastral Register Cadastral Map Deeds Model independent of organisation, examples of actual registrations

9. June 25, 20159 Modeling Standard UML by OMG (Object Management Group) World-wide accepted standard: Unified Modeling Language (UML), meaningful ‘boxes and arrows’ After many decades with different methods UML has several types of diagrams for both the data (structural) and functional aspect of IS Class diagrams are one of the most well-known ones (roots in entity-relationship diagrams) Not always easy to understand the diagram, therefore ‘Literate Modeling’ (mix of text and diagrams)

10. June 25, 201510 Model basis: Object-Right-Subject

11. June 25, 201511 Types of Rights Ownership (or similar strongest right) Derived right to use totally (leasehold,..) Minor rights which allow some limited use or restriction (easements,..) Security rights (mortgage,..) for 2-4 do you register the ‘positive’ right to its right holder and/or restriction on the real estate object?

12. June 25, 201512 Types of Rights Private Law Rights (previous list) Public Law Restrictions imposed by (local) government agency (or law) no real right holder (government, society,..) can apply to an existing real estate object or to their own zones Right holder might be a neighboring real estate object Name of exact rights in ‘look up tables’

13. June 25, 201513 Legal/Administrative Classes

14. June 25, 201514 Cadastral Objects

15. June 25, 201515 Model proposal Complete (modular) Cadastral Domain Model

16. June 25, 201516 History and dynamic aspects, data Two modeling approaches for discrete changes: 1.Event based modeling: transactions as entity, start state is know, changes are known 2.State based modeling: states are modeled explicitly, objects have 2 dates (begin/end) In our model hybrid approach: documents represent the transactions, but also all the states are kept tmin/tmax attributes inherited from root objects No explicit parent-child relationships (lineage), implicit

17. June 25, 201517 Summary Cadastral requirements are well documented and accepted (but ever changing) user requirements Widely accepted Geo-ICT tools available for cadastral systems Dramatic improvement in effectiveness of system development and functional possibilities Effective/flexible system development requires MDA based on a Cadastral domain model This model also provides an ontology for meaningful communication between different organizations

18. June 25, 201518 ISO/TC211, resolution 203 “ISO/TC211 appreciates the FIG proposal to develop a model of the basic contents and design of a cadastre using the ISO 19100 series of standards. It is acknowledged that this activity will serve to both test the 19100 standards and build on the exiting collaboration between ISO/TC211 and the FIG. ISO/TC211 encourages FIG to suggest how ISO/TC211 could assist in this activity.”

19. June 25, 201519 Conclusion Several standardisation efforts, enormous efforts, time consuming and expensive Insufficient sharing of knowledge, improved via FIG Standards Network, ISO TC 211, CEN TC287 (soon domain models), OGC Property and Land Initiative Current proposal is under development, workshops, reviews, presented is just an initial proposal More attention to process side (in addition to data side) Not only the model itself is important, but the fact that there is consensus (also important role of industry)