1. 1 Network Management Active Networks

2. 2 Network Management

3. 3 Where did the concept AN come from?  Emerged from discussions within the broad DARPA research community in 1994 and 1995 on the future direction of networking systems.

4. 4 Network Management Why we need AN ? Since there are several problems with today’s networks:  Difficulty of integrating new technologies and standards into the shared network infrastructure;  Poor performance due to redundant operations at several protocol layers;  Difficulty of accommodating new services in the existing architectural model

5. 5 Network Management What’s the motivation of AN?  Aims at producing a new open networking platform, flexible and extensible at runtime 1. To accommodate the rapid evolution and deployment of network technologies; 2. To provide the increasingly sophisticated services demanded by user applications. To ease the deployment of new network services.

6. 6 Network Management Activenet Principles  API  Dynamic Composition of Network Services  Fine Granularity of Control  Rapid response to network events AN have some important features:

7. 7 Network Management AN: Application Programming Interfaces  In traditional networks: API is fixed and is difficult to modify and customize.  In AN: to create an extensible/programmable network API by providing a robust programming environment so that: 1) nearly any customized programs can be executed 2) new services can be dynamically created.

8. 8 Network Management Benefits from AN-API  Users/third parties can create services to their specific applications by composing services from various building blocks/components.  The degree of programmability of AN-API may range from a simple list of fixed-size parameters to a turing-complete Language capable of describing any effective computation. components

9. 9 Network Management Other AN features:  Dynamic Composition of Network Services Composite network services can take on a variety of forms, depending on API  Fine Granularity of Control 1. A single pkt can modify the node behavior seen by all pkts arriving at the node 2. A single pkt modifies the behavior seen only by that one pkt.  Rapid response to network events AN can rapidly respond to asynchronous network events by co-locating control algorithms with network elements

10. 10 Network Management Activenet Technologies  In-Band Approach: Active Packets The current passive packets are replaced by active miniature programs that are encapsulated in transmission frame and executed at active node along their path.  Out-of-Band Approach: Open programmable Networks maintaining the existing packet/cell format, and providing a discrete mechanism that supports the downloading of programs.

11. 11 Network Management Active Packets: An In-Band Approach  Capsules (MIT) propose an integrated approach in which active capsules containing data and programs replace the traditional passive network packets  Smart Packets (DARPA-BBN) SP can carry programs which are executed at each node the packet visits in the network. Their goal is to add programmability to management and diagnostic packets. A specific language for SP called Sprocket. IP header Program Fragment Data Payload

12. 12 Network Management Open Programmable Networks:An Out-of Band Approach  Switchware (U. of Pennsylvania)  Switchlets (U. of Cambridge)  Broadband Kernel: X-Bind (U. of Columbia)  Miblets (U. of Toronto) Separating the injection of programs from the processing of messages may be particularly attractive when the selection of programs is made by network administrators and must be carefully controlled.

13. 13 Network Management Activenet Applications  Open signaling ( U. of Southern California) P: Current signaling protocols like UNI or RSVP only specify the QoS but not how to obtain it. S: If signaling is carried out by active programs with universal encoding in signaling messages and accesses a well understood open interface at each router so that it carries out reservations for the endpoints ……

14. 14 Network Management Activenet Applications  Introduction of New Internet Services (MIT) P: In traditional networks, it will take a long time to deploy a new services. S: ANTS (Active Network Toolkit System) show that the diversity of services facilitated by active networking

15. 15 Network Management ANTS  Java-based active networking implementation  Runs in user-space within a user-space implementation of IPv6  Three key components: 1.capsules 2.active nodes: provide API for capsule processing routines and execute those routines safely. 3.code distribution mechanism: ensure that capsule processing routines are automatically and dynamically transferred to the active nodes where they are needed.

16. 16 Network Management Challenge and Open Issues  Minimizing overall packet processing  Ease the management of Active Networks  Build reliable distributed systems for authentication/authorization of using Active Networks resources  Integration of different Active Networks technologies  Security issues  Performance issues  Active networks format and Standards

17. 17 Network Management Third Intermediate Report HP OPENVIEW NETWORK NODE MANAGER I. Stergiou A. Sgora Creation of a short manual Definition of an exercise (around six subjects) Deadline: 25/06/03

18. 18 Network Management Fourth Intermediate Report Objects-based Management (CORBA) I. Stergiou Management based on Active Networks A. Sgora Deadline: 25/06/03

19. 19 Network Management End of Sixth Lecture