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Moldova: Environmental Organizations
By Nicole Degner
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Source: www.mldnet.com/moldova/
Geography of Moldova Many people are unaware of the small country known as Moldova Source:
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Geography of Moldova Moldova is located in Eastern Europe between Romania and Ukraine Source: moldova_map.html Source: moldova/
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Geography of Moldova About the size of Maryland Landlocked
Closest large body of water is the Black Sea which is to the south
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Geography of Moldova Few rivers which are important
Dniester River Important transportation route for agricultural products and lumber Prut River Raut River Underground water reserve 200 million cubic meters Source of drinking water
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Geography of Moldova The topography varies from rolling hills, mountainous areas, and plains Moderately continental Mild and dry winters (25 degrees F) Long and warm summers (68 degrees F) Moderate rainfall
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Geography of Moldova Soils in Moldova allow for massive agriculture
Agricultural products include: Fruits Vegetables Wine Sugar beets Sunflower seed and oil Tobacco Grain Beef Milk
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Agriculture of Moldova
Economy depends a lot on the agricultural sector Over ¼ of Moldova’s GDP is from agriculture Source: CIA, 2003
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Agriculture of Moldova
Chernozem soil, which is the most fertile soil in the world 75% of the land is covered in this black soil
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Environmental Problems and Concerns
Moldova is experiencing environmental degradation Concerns: Soil erosion Chemical fertilizers and pesticides Intensive exploitation of land, water, and forest Deforestation Non-treated waste and sewage waters Reservoirs and wetlands
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Environmental Problems and Concerns
Soil Erosion Due to poor farming methods Another poor farming method is to clear forested regions to support vineyards forest-clear-cut%5B1%5D.jpg
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Environmental Problems and Concerns
Chemical fertilizers and pesticides “In the early 1990’s, per hectare use of pesticides in Moldova averaged approximately twenty times that of other former Soviet republics and Western nations.” Library of Congress Chemicals have not only polluted the soil, but they have also leached into the groundwater supply that is the source of drinking water
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Environmental Problems and Concerns
Air Pollution No rules or laws controlling emissions from factories during Soviet rule Air pollution Moldovan factories and other neighboring countries’ factories Air pollution today is from transportation processes
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Environmental Problems and Concerns
Non-treated waste and sewage waters Dam collapsed in 1983 on the Dniester River Hazardous wastes from a fertilizer plant were discarded into the Dniester River Fish and organisms were killed and Moldovans who relied on the river were endangered
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Environmental Problems and Concerns
Deforestation Mass timber-cutting State Department for Environmental and Natural Resources Protection has started to conserve forest lands Project is aiming to make Moldovans aware of the resources that are quickly decreasing
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Environmental Problems and Concerns
Civil War in the eastern part of the country (Transdnistria) has also plagued the environment Human beings have contributed to the damage of forests and aquatic environments in that part of the country Overall, there has been a drastic reduction in biodiversity
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Environmental Problems and Concerns
Many have taken action now that they are aware of problems NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) have been working towards building an “infrastructure for the Moldovan environmental community” Moldova seems to be taking more control over the environmental problems that plague the region
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Moldovan Environmental Organizations
Many, if not all, of the NGOs in Moldova rely on donations The organizations are also independent
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Moldovan Environmental Organizations
Ecological Society BIOTICA “Scientists, experts, teachers, and students working to conserve biodiversity, develop national environmental legislation, and promote public participation in decisions related to environmental protection.”
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Moldovan Environmental Organizations
Ecological Society BIOTICA Registered with Moldova in 1993 Organized field studies on the Dniester River concerning conservation of the endangered species and habitats Mainly concerned with the Dniester River area and biodiversity
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Moldovan Environmental Organizations
Ecological Movement of Moldova Mission is to restore the natural balance between the population and the environment
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Moldovan Environmental Organizations
Regional Environmental Center Established in 1998 Assist in solving environmental problems Goal is to increase public participation and awareness in environmental decision making processes Also looking into pollution control and waste management
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Other Moldovan Environmental Organizations
Ecological Movement of Moldova Sustainable Ecosystems Institute Ecosfera
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European Environmental Assistance
Milieukontakt Oost-Europa Cooperate with NGOs in Moldova and other Central and Eastern European countries Give support, train, and advise Support ecological sustainability One main idea of Milieukontakt Oost-Europa is to promote public awareness of environmental issues
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European Environmental Assistance
Milieukontakt Oost-Europa Not only helps with the physical environment, but also helps groups with technology Set up communications between other NGOs Through helping Moldova become more technological environmentally, they are helping the issues become more public
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Conclusion Although Moldova has been independent since 1991, it is still dealing with many issues that happened during its time under Soviet rule Moldovans are now paying environmentally for mistakes that were out of their control
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Conclusion Many of the Non-Governmental Organizations in Moldova are working towards the same goal: To make all citizens of Moldova aware of the environmental issues Educating the citizens to make environmentally safe decisions
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Conclusion With NGOs’ help, the environment of Moldova can become more pleasant to live in The underground water supply may be spared from pesticides and fertilizers Moldova has a long way to go, but with the number of NGOs (about 100), Moldova can recover and learn from the past.
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Bibliography BIOTICA. “BIOTICA Ecological Society.” (April 13, 2003). CIA. “The World FactBook 2002.” February 15, 2003. Ecological Monitoring Centre of the National Institute of Ecology. “SUMMARY ENVIRONMENT STATE IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA.” (April 13, 2003). Karsten, Margaret, ed. Economic Review Moldova. (Washington D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1992). Library of Congress. “Moldova: A Country Study.” (February 13, 2003). Milieukontakt Oost-Europa. “Milieukontakt Oost-Europa.” (February 19, 2003). National Biological Information Infrastructure. “Moldova: Biological Organizations and Resources.” (April 13, 2003). Rodgers, Mary M., Streissguth, Tom, & Sexton, Colleen, ed. Moldova. (Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Company, 1993). Sheehan, Patricia. Cultures of the World: Moldova. (New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2000).
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