2. Strong and Weak Syllable Pertemuan 7 Matakuliah:G0332/English Phonology Tahun: 2007

3. Bina Nusantara Strong and weak syllable have the following characteristics: STRONG SYLLABLE: - stressed - pronounced longer - have one vowel phoneme as its peak Strong and Weak 3

4. Bina Nusantara WEAK SYLLABLE: - unstressed - pronounced shorter - have four types of peak: * the vowel ә * a close front unrounded vowel i: and I * a close back rounded vowel u: and u * a syllabic consonant Strong and Weak Syllable 4

5. Bina Nusantara Vowel ə (schwa) SPELLINGSTRONG PRONUNCIATION SAMPLE WORDS ‘a’‘æ’‘æ’Attend, barracks, character ‘ar’‘α’‘α’Particular, molar, monarchy ‘ate’‘ei’Intimate, accurate, desolate, private ‘o’ Tomorrow, carrot, potato ‘or’‘o:’Forget, ambassador, opportunity ‘e’ Settlement, violet, postmen ‘er’ ‘ ɜ :’ Perhaps, superman, stronger ‘u’ ‘ʌ’‘ʌ’ Autumn, support, halibut

6. Bina Nusantara Close Front and Close Back Vowels SPELLINGSAMPLE WORDS Final ‘y’ or ‘ey’Happy, valley, Prefix ‘re’,’pre’,’’de’React, preoccupied, deactivate Suffixes ‘ious’ ‘iate’Appreciate, hilarious PronounsHe, she, we, me, be, the

7. Bina Nusantara Syllabic consonants 1. Syllabic consonant /l/ With alveolar consonant preceding [tl,dl, sl, zl,nl] Ex.: cattle, bottle, wrestle, muddle With non-alveolar preceding [bl, pl, gl,kl] Ex. : couple, struggle, trouble, knuckle. 2. Syllabic consonant [n] Ex.: happen, seven, threaten, thicken 3. Syllabic consonant [r] Ex.: history, wanderer.

8. Bina Nusantara Weak and strong form STRONGWEAK Occur at the end of the sentenceOccur in the middle of the sentence It is contrasted with another word or in coordinated preposition It is not contrasted Given stress for emphasisunstressed It is being ‘cited’ or ‘quoted’It is not ‘cited’ or quoted’

9. Bina Nusantara Common Weak Forms The function words that have weak form are the following: –ARTICLE: a, an, the –CONJUNCTION: and, but, than –PRONOUNS: her, your, she, he, we, you, him, her, them, us –PREPOSITION : at, for, from, of, to, some, there –AUXILIARY: can, could, have, has, had, shall, should, must, do, does, am, are, was, were