1. Industrialization and Its Impact Most political, economic, social, and cultural developments in the late 19 th century can be understood in terms of the industrial revolution Gilded Age political corruptions Populism Urbanization Immigration

2. Railroad Railroad as symbol and power of industrialization Railroad as center of many industries Chinese Americans and Building of Railroad Role in Westward Expansion Political Influence Farmers Dissatisfactions

3. Railroad as Monopoly Railroad companies formed monopolies and bribed government officials Farmers felt victimized by railroads Native Americans driven to reservations

4. Urbanization and Immigration Great Wave of Immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe African Americans Moved North Population Shift to Cities Emergence of Big Cities