1. PX269 Galaxies Dr Peter Wheatley p.j.wheatley@warwick.ac.uk Office: PS009

2. PX269 Galaxies Books £25£45

3. PX269 Galaxies Books II £30£35

4. PX269 Galaxies Part 1: Introduction 1.1 Historical overview

5. PX269 Galaxies Wei-Hao Wang University of Hawaii The Milky Way

6. PX269 Galaxies Galileo Galilei 1609

7. PX269 Galaxies Mountains and craters on the moon

8. Sunspots

9. Cassini probe Galileo’s sketch Saturn’s rings

10. PX269 Galaxies Europa Io Ganymede Callisto Kurt Friedrich Jupiter’s moons

11. SIDEREAL MESSENGER unfolding great and very wonderful sights and displaying to the gaze of everyone, but especially philosophers and astronomers, the things that were observed by GALILEO GALILEI, Florentine patrician and public mathematician of the University of Padua, with the help of a spyglass lately devised by him, about the face of the Moon, countless fixed stars, the Milky Way, nebulous stars, but especially about four planets flying around the star of Jupiter at unequal intervals and periods with wonderful swiftness; which, unknown by anyone until this day, the first author detected recently and decided to name MEDICEAN STARS The Starry Messenger, Galileo Galilei 1610

12. PX269 Galaxies Milky Way Wei-Hao Wang University of Hawaii

13. PX269 Galaxies Wei-Hao Wang University of Hawaii Milky Way and a “spiral nebula”

14. PX269 Galaxies 1750s Thomas Wright Immanuel Kant

15. Rich Townsend, UCL Angular momentum and disc geometries

16. PX269 Galaxies Wei-Hao Wang University of Hawaii

17. PX269 Galaxies Charles Messier

18. Andromeda Galaxy = M31 = NGC 224

19. PX269 Galaxies Andromeda Galaxy = M31 = NGC 224 Lord Rosse 72” telescope 1845

20. PX269 Galaxies Cepheid variables as standard candles Henrietta Swan Leavitt Log Period [d] Magnitude

21. PX269 Galaxies Edwin Hubble 100-inch Mt Wilson telescope

22. PX269 Galaxies Hubble Space Telescope

23. PX269 Galaxies M 51 the Whirlpool Galaxy

24. PX269 Galaxies Wei-Hao Wang University of Hawaii The Milky Way

25. PX269 Galaxies Hubble Deep Field 1,000,000 sec exposure Seeing 100 billion times fainter than human eye… …and half way back to the beginning of time.

27. PX269 Galaxies Part 1: Introduction 1.2 Galaxy classification

28. PX269 Galaxies Edwin Hubble 100-inch Mt Wilson telescope

29. Hubble Space Telescope

30. PX269 Galaxies

31. M87 an elliptical galaxy CFHT

32. PX269 Galaxies NGC 2768 an elliptical galaxy

33. M 51 the Whirlpool Galaxy

34. NGC 1300 a barred spiral galaxy

35. Dust extinction in the Sombrero Galaxy = M 104

36. NGC 1427A a dwarf irregular galaxy

37. M 51 the Whirlpool Galaxy

38. PX269 Galaxies Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) Diagram