1. How did western settlement affect the Plains Indians?
Essential Question
How did western settlement affect the Plains Indians?

2. Miners and Ranchers in the West

3. Growth of the Mining Industry
Deposits of gold, silver, and copper
Needed by growing industry in the East
Brought settlers to the mountain states

4. Virginia City

5. Pikes Peak, Colorado (1858)

6. Leadville, Colorado

7. Black Hills, South Dakota

8. Copper in Montana

9. New States
North Dakota
South Dakota
Montana

10. Cattle Ranching
Texas longhorn cattle thrived on the tough prairie grass

11. Arrival of Railroads
By the 1860s – railroads reached Kansas and Missouri
Western ranchers sold cattle to be shipped east

12. Cattle Drives Moved cattle to the railroads
Chisholm Trail – to Abilene, Kansas

14. Chisholm Trail

16. Homestead Act (1862)
Individuals could file for a 160-acre homestead (tract of public land)
Received title after living on land for five years

17. Great Plains

18. Great Plains Homestead

19. New Farming Inventions
Steel plows
Reapers
Threshing machines

20. Wheat Belt
Nebraska
Kansas
Dakotas

21. Oklahoma April 22, 1889 Opened the territory for settlement
10,000 people chose land within hours

22. Native Americans

23. Western Environment, 1860s

24. Plains Indians Nomads following the buffalo herds
Divided into bands headed by governing councils

25. Arrival of Settlers Deprived Indians of hunting grounds
Broke treaties guaranteeing Indian lands
Forced Indians to relocate

26. Chief Red Cloud

27. Chief Sitting Bull

28. Crazy Horse

29. Crazy Horse Monument

30. Sand Creek Massacre Nov. 1864
Chief Black Kettle brought Cheyenne to negotiate peace at Fort Lyon
American troops attacked their village

31. Loss of Buffalo Native Americans depended on the buffalo for life
By 1889, few buffalo were left

32. Battle of the Little Bighorn
Gold found in the Black Hills (SD)
Americans violated Indian treaties
Indians attacked

33. Battle of the Little Bighorn
June 25, 1876
George A. Custer attacked a large force of Lakota and Cheyenne
All of Custer’s forces dead

35. Nez Perce Led by Chief Joseph
Refused to move to a reservation in Idaho
Fled to Canada

36. Nez Perce Traveled 1300 miles Surrendered in October 1877
Exiled to Oklahoma

37. Quote, Chief Joseph
“Our chiefs are killed The little children are freezing to death. My people have no blankets, no food Hear me, my chiefs; I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.”

38. Nez Perce Trail

39. Wounded Knee Lakota reservation (1890)
Continued to practice the Ghost Dance
Led by Sitting Bull

40. Wounded Knee Soldiers sent to arrest Sitting Bull, who died by gunfire
Dec. 29, 1890
Soldiers attacked Native Americans at Wounded Knee Creek – hundreds killed

41. Indian Frontier to 1890