1. ACID RAIN : CAUSES AND EFFECTS

2. WHAT IS ACID RAIN SO 2, No x TRACES OF NH 4, Cl LOW pH

3. SOURCES OF ACID RAIN SULPHUR fossil fuels power plants residential combustion volcanoes and marsh gases NITROGEN fossil fuels coal plants denitrification forest fires, lightning

4. OTHER SOURCES Hydrocarbons ammonia chlorine

5. THE REACTIONS OH + SO 2  HSO 3 HSO 3 + O 2  HSO 5 HSO 5 + NO  [HSO 4 + NO 2 ] HSO 4 + NO 2  H 2 SO 4 + HNO 3

6. PRECIPITATION DRY DEPOSITION WET DEPOSITION OCCULT DEPOSITION

7. EFFECTS SOILS AND VEGETATION FORESTS WATER HUMAN HEALTH WILDLIFE BUILDINGS

8. POSSIBLE REMEDIES SULPHUR liming flue gas desulphurization low sulphur coals alternatives NITROGEN lower temperatures shorter durations catalytic converters lead free gasoline alternatives

9. Is there a future in emissions trading?