1. INTRODUCTION: Establishing a Context 張啟隱 副教授 張啟隱 副教授

2. INFORMATION CONVENTIONS The Five Stages: Ordering your Information First Stage: General statements about a field of research to provide the reader with a setting for the problem to be reported.

3. Second Stage: More specific statements about the aspects of the problem already studied by other researchers More specific statements about the aspects of the problem already studied by other researchers

4. Third Stage: Statements that indicate the need for more investigation

5. Fourth Stage: Very specific statements giving the purpose/objectives of the writer ’ s study Very specific statements giving the purpose/objectives of the writer ’ s study

6. Fifth Stage: Optional statements that give a value or justification for carrying out the study.

7. The Five Stages: INFORMATION 1.Move from more general to specific statements. 2. Begin with generally accepted statements of fact about an area of study. 3. Identify one sub area within the general area which includes your topic. 4. Arrange ideas in logical sequence. 5. Use old information at the beginning of your sentences.