1. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 1 Hany H. Ammar LANE Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA, Presented from Cairo University to the Islamic University in Gaza, April 3, 2010. Cloud Computing: Benefits and Challenges A Seminar Presentation بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الحمد لله ، والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله

2. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 2 OUTLINE Our Research Team on Cloud Computing What is Cloud Computing ? –Utility Computing –Utility versus Cloud computing –Cluster and Grid Computing –Examples of Campus clouds –Grid and Community Computing –Grid and Cloud Computing The West Virginia U. Project Benefits of Cloud Computing, –What can we do with Cloud Computing? Challenges of Cloud Computing Making the case for Campus Clouds Conclusions

3. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 3 Our Research Team on Cloud Computing Faculty: Dr. Matthew Valenti, West Virginia University Dr Abdelkarim Erradi, Qatar University Prof. Fatma Omara, Dr. hesham Hassan, Dr Sherif Khattab, Dr Osama Ismael, Cairo University Dr. Walid AbdelMoez, Arab Academy of Science and Techology, Alexandria, Egypt Students: Mohammed Said Saleh, Markous M. Yassa, Sana AbdulJalil, Amr Mahmoud

4. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 4 What is Cloud Computing

5. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 5 What is Cloud Computing  Resource availability is a key factor to achieve prosperity of any society,  Particularly important are computing resources  To attain their full potential, computing resources need to be efficiently utilized preferably in an aggregated manner.  The demand for computing resources can now be met by utility computing, grid computing, and most recently cloud computing.

6. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 6 What is Cloud Computing Utility Computing  Utility computing providers rent capacity on computing resources that they maintain  Metered computing: analogous to electric power (Pay per use)  Resources often virtualized and shared by multiple tenants  Example: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (estimated $60 USD/Month for one EC2 Instance for 24hrs/day-7days/week). Pay per use option  Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) web service provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud  Designed to make web-scale computing easier for developers.

7. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 7 What is Cloud Computing Utility Computing  Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud  Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) provides persistent storage to Amazon EC2 instances  Example of Amazon Elastic 2 standard instance Small Instance – default 1.7 GB memory 1 EC2 Compute Unit (1 virtual core with 1 EC2 Compute Unit) 160 GB instance storage (150 GB plus 10 GB root partition) 32-bit platform I/O Performance: Moderate API name: m1.small

8. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 8 What is Cloud Computing Utility versus Cloud computing  Cloud computing not only provides raw computing resources, but also hosts the applications that use these resources.  Applications usually accessed via a web browser.  User data typically stored on provider's file systems.  Underlying computing infrastructure concealed from user.  Example: gmail servers are concealed from users  Cloud Computing middleware systems are available for building clouds and their applications (e.g., Eucalyptus and Hadoop)

9. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 9 What is Cloud Computing Cluster and Grid Computing  A cluster is a collection of tightly coupled computing servers.  Usually co-located.  A computing grid is a distributed collection of computing servers.  While the servers may be dedicated resources, they could be borrowed from idle desktop computers.  A grid middleware system is needed to support the development and assessment of service-oriented grid systems and applications (e.g., CROWN-C) http://www.wrgrid.org.uk/Resources/Leaflets/WRG_COLAB_Sept2007.pdf

10. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 10 Example: University of Florida Campus Grid

11. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 11 Example: University of California Campus Grid

12. The WVU Cloud Computing Project  A research team at West Virginia University led by Dr. Mat Valenti has been developing a cloud computing resource for the purpose of scientific computing  by running a Matlab compute engine applications on underutilized computers located in the student computer labs and computer classrooms Frontier CC middleware

13. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 13 What is Cloud Computing Grid and Community Computing  Community computing projects assemble a grid of donated CPU resources using volunteers idle cycles  Example: The BOINC software by UC Berkley is an Open- source software for volunteer computing and grid computing.volunteer computinggrid computing  BOINC lets you donate your idle computer time to science projects like SETI@home, Climateprediction.net, Rosetta@home, Folding@home, World Community Grid, and many, Folding@home ( http://boinc.berkeley.edu/download.php ) http://boinc.berkeley.edu/download.php  Uses Screensavers (windows) or low-priority process (linux)

14. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 14 What is Cloud Computing Grid and Cloud Computing  Resource Sharing:  Grid enhances fair sharing of resources across organization.  Cloud provide resources according to demand so no actual sharing of resources due to the isolation through virtualization  Virtualization:  Grid: virtualization covers both data and resources (flat file and database).  Cloud adds virtualization for hardware resources too  Security:  Grid: security is not seriously explored.  Cloud: Each user has a unique access to the virtualized environment

15. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 15 What is Cloud Computing Grid and Cloud Computing  Usability:  Clouds are easily usable hiding the deployment details from the user.  Grid: hard to manage  Payment model:  Cloud use pay- per use model.  Grid fixed rate per service.  Scalability  Both Grid and cloud deals with scalability  Heterogeneity:  Both cloud and grid support aggregation of heterogonous hardware and software.

16. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 16 OUTLINE Our Research Team on Cloud Computing What is Cloud Computing ? Benefits of Cloud Computing, –What can we do with Cloud Computing? Challenges of Cloud Computing Making the case for Campus Clouds Conclusions

17. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 17 Benefits of Cloud Computing  Cloud computing is a model that supports everything as a service (XaaS), e.g, the X changes to an I for, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Physical resource set (PRS): is hardware dependent or vendor dependent Virtual resource set (VRS): is built on top of PRS to run in multivendor cloud

18. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 18 Benefits of Cloud Computing  Platform as a service (PaaS): Java or.NET

19. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 19 Benefits of Cloud Computing  Software as a service (SaaS): e.g Gmail, Google Docs, Matlab,

20. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 20 Benefits of Cloud Computing  Human as a service (HaaS): Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is one of the suites of Amazon Web Services, a crowdsourcing marketplace that enables computer programs to coordinate the use of Human Intelligence to perform Tasks (HITs) which computers are unable to doAmazon Web Servicescrowdsourcing  Workers can work at home and make money by choosing from thousands of posted HITs.

21. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 21 Benefits of Cloud Computing The Big Picture of the Cloud Layered Architecture Fig : Cloud Stack

22. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 22 Benefits of Cloud Computing  The Provided services in the Cloud are the following:  Virtualized physical resources,  Virtualized infrastructure,  Virtualized middleware platforms  Virtualized business applications  Cloud computing reduces the need for advanced hardware on the clients side  Clients can use inexpensive small Net Books and virtually have the processing power of an expandable Grid computing system  No need to buy a set of software or software licenses  Data is no longer confined to the user's hard drive, will be able to access data and applications from anywhere at any time. There is no more lost data due to hard drive failures  Corporations would save money on IT support, and No need for space to house expensive hardware and software servers.

23. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 23 OUTLINE Our Research Team on Cloud Computing What is Cloud Computing ? Examples of Campus clouds Benefits of Cloud Computing, –What can we do with Cloud Computing? Challenges of Cloud Computing Making the case for Campus Clouds Conclusions

24. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 24 Challenges of Cloud Computing  Providing Support for both Service Users and Service Providers

25. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 25 Challenges of Cloud Computing  Service Providers: Development Services, or Build and Test Services,  Software Engineering Methodologies and tools  How to manage clouds for Application Lifecycle Management  The Cloud manager can limit projects to certain clouds, control costs, manage security, or supplement resources during peak use  Service Users: easily usable clouds, hiding the deployment details from the user using virtualization,  Security and privacy are the biggest concerns  Cost accounting data, and usage tracking for Multiple Clouds

26. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 26 Challenges of Cloud Computing: Build and Test Workflow, Challenges at all three levels

27. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 27 Challenges of Cloud Computing: Build and Test Tasks Require complex environments

28. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 28 Challenges of Cloud Computing Model-Driven Design Interdisciplinary Development teams: End-to-End Collaboration & Change Management

29. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 29 Challenges of Cloud Computing Cloud Management and Control

30. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 30 Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support for IaaS  Apache Hadoop: A Java software framework that supports data-intensive distributed applications and enables applications to work with thousands of nodes and large amounts of data. http://hadoop.apache.org/frameworkdistributed applications http://hadoop.apache.org/  Nimbus is an open-source toolkit that, once installed on a cluster, provides an infrastructure as a Service cloud to its client via WSRF-based or Amazon EC2 WSDL web service APIs, http://www.nimbusproject.org/open-sourceclusterinfrastructure as a Service cloudWSRFAmazon EC2 WSDLweb serviceAPIs

31. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 31 Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support AbiCloud Supports SaaS http://abicloud.org/display/abiCloud/Home

32. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 32 Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support enStratus Supports SaaS, ReliaCloud Supports IaaS  enStratus is a SaaS-based system for managing cloud infrastructures across multiple providersSaaS http://www.enstratus.com/  enStratus focuses on the deployment and ongoing management of transactional database applications in clouds like Amazon Web Services and ReliaCloud.ReliaCloud  The main features of enStratus include cloud security and availability management.  ReliaCloud provides virtual Servers deployed within a virtualization environment that is architected to maximize uptime and performance. http://www.reliacloud.com/

33. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 33 Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support for PaaS and IaaS  Sun Cloud is an on-demand Cloud computing service operated by Sun Microsystems. The Sun Cloud Compute Utility provides access to a substantial computing resource over the Internet for US$1 per CPU-hour.Cloud computingSun MicrosystemsUS$  The Rackspace Cloud is a web application hosting/cloud platform provider ("Cloud Sites") that bills on a utility computing basis. It has branched out into cloud storage ("Cloud Files") and cloud infrastructure ("Cloud Servers"), http://www.rackspacecloud.com/web applicationhostingcloud platformutility computingcloud storagecloud infrastructure  Kaavo provides solutions for deploying and managing on-demand applications and workloads in the cloud. http://www.kaavo.com/home

34. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 34 OUTLINE Our Research Team on Cloud Computing What is Cloud Computing ? Examples of Campus clouds Benefits of Cloud Computing, –What can we do with Cloud Computing? Challenges of Cloud Computing Making the case for Campus Clouds Conclusions

35. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 35 Making the case for Campus Clouds  College Campuses maintain significant Infrastructure of computing resources in computing Labs  This infrastructure is under utilized (many students use laptops and Net Books)  Service Providers and Users are in need for inexpensive computing resources

36. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 36 Making the case for Campus Clouds  Developing IaaS Campus cloud project aggregating the computing resources of multiple college campuses would provide the following benefits:  Providing extra Revenue to colleges from service providers and businesses ($0.01/virtual node per hr x 16 hrs/day x 1000 nodes x 356 days, the 1000 virtual nodes may need only 30 physical Multi- Core servers)  Providing students with an environment for learning the concepts of cloud computing  Providing college systems maintenance team (professionals and students) with the experience of dealing with Cloud service providers and Cloud users  Provides stronger ties between academia and industry  Motivates the Industry to invest in academic computing resources  Academic research will benefit from Campus clouds

37. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 37 Conclusions  Cloud computing has emerged to provide inexpensive on-demand pay per use computing resources  Cloud computing is closely related to grid computing and utility computing.  Software Engineering Methodologies and tools are needed for cloud developers (Cloud-based Service- Oriented Engineering)  Security and privacy are the biggest concerns of cloud computing users and developers  Campus Clouds can bring revenue for computing resources, enhance student learning, strengthen ties with Industry, and enhance academic research.

38. The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 38 وجزاكمُ اللهُ خيراً