1. EDGE™ P09123 – 2009 RIT MAV Platform System Level Design Review

2. EDGE™ 2009 MAV Team Members

3. EDGE™ Basic Project Information Project Number and Name –P09123 Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) Platform Project Family –Micro Aerial Vehicle Track –Aerospace Systems and Technology Start Term –2009-1 End Term –2009-3 Faculty Guide –Dr. Jeffery Kozak (Mechanical Engineering) Faculty Consultants –Dr. Agamemnon Crassidis (Mechanical Engineering) –Dr. Hany Ghoneim (Mechanical Engineering) Primary Customer –Dr. Jeffery Kozak, RIT MAV Team Secondary Customer –Impact Technologies

4. EDGE™ Product Description /Project Overview Mission Statement: The MAV Family of Projects: To build a semi-autonomous, tending towards full autonomy, air vehicle that will be used in the future for Multidisciplinary Senior Design and for graduate studies in the college of engineering and the college of imaging science. To have a hands on aeronautical project for undergraduate students that is of low cost and simplicity as to be able to be made by hand. To provide an incentive for students as well as exposure of engineering at RIT by competing in the more aggressive United States/Europe MAV competition The P09123 Project will: Develop the Platform for an expandable and re-useable Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) that is intended to be used as a basis for current and future MAV design.

5. EDGE™ Concept Generation - Propulsion Poor Satisfactory Good Excellent Gas Batteries Solar Cells Jet Turbine Rocket Super Capacitor

6. EDGE™ Basic Subsystem Layout – “The Diagram” Nose Cone Assembly: -Propulsion -Motor/Controller -Propeller Equipment Cage: -R/F Electronics -GPS -Microcontroller -Batteries Fuselage Tail Assembly: - Vertical Stabilizer - Horizontal Stabilizers -Control Servos Wing Assembly (2): -Airfoil -Control Surfaces -Control Servos

7. EDGE™ MAV Subsystem Breakdown Fuselage –Material/Construction –Structure –Integration Wings/Airfoil –Airfoil Shape –Tail Design –Flight Dynamics –Aerodynamics –Material/Construction Propulsion –Thrust Requirements –Propeller –Motor and Controller –Nose Cone Design Control Surfaces –Servo Actuation –Size, Shape, Function –Material –Location

8. EDGE™ MAV Subsystem Breakdown Equipment Cage –Structural Integrity –Hardware Mounting –Protection –Vibration Damping Electronics –Batteries –R/C Elements –Motor Controller –Power Requirements –Servo Control Process Development –Manufacturing Process –Final Assembly –Documentation –Procurement –Bill of Materials/Cost Analysis Analysis/Testing –Flight Testing –Wind Tunnel Testing –CFD/FEA –Material Testing –Simulation

9. EDGE™ SPECIFICATIONS

10. EDGE™ AIRFOIL ANALYSIS Aaron Nash

11. EDGE™ 2009 MAV Airfoil & Wing Design Assumptions Velocities V Cruise = 20 mi/hr, Ma = 0.026 V Max = 35 mi/hr, Ma = 0.046 V Min = 10 mi/hr, Ma = 0.013 Chord = 6 inches Reynolds Number Calculations Re Cruise = 10312 Re Max = 180482 Re Min = 51581.55 Look for Low Reynolds Number Airfoils!

12. EDGE™ Coefficient Calculations Minimum Coefficient of Lift Calculation –Assuming a span of three feet and a weight of 3.31 lbs (1.5 kg) –Clmin = 2.1564 (v = 25 mph) –Clmin = 0.7041 (v = 35 mph) –Clmin = 8.62 (v = 10 mph)

13. EDGE™ Airfoils UIUC Database Selected a number of low Reynolds Number Data Airfoils –Benchmarked from P08121 Results can be seen in handout

14. EDGE™

15. Airfoil Selection Selig s1210 –2 nd highest Lift Coeff –Highest operating envalope Between 2 and 9 degrees AoA Selig s1223 –Highest Lift Coeff –Operating Point at 2 degrees AoA

16. EDGE™ Wing position Wing will be positioned on the top of the fuselage –Creates a pendulum effect –Uses the weight of the fuselage to provide natural lateral stability –Keel Effect Tapered wing tips to add “virtual span”

17. EDGE™ FUSELAGE Joe Hozdic

18. EDGE™ 2009 MAV Fuselage Material: Carbon/Kevlar Biaxial Sleeve Woven Carbon Cloth Wings Attach To Protrusion Cage Structure Contained in Body

19. EDGE™ Wing Attachment Concepts Adhesive Strong Connection Permanent No Affect on Aerodynamics Pinned Joint Relatively Weaker Removable May Affect Aerodynamics Adhesive Thru Pin

20. EDGE™ Cage Location Cage may be adjusted front to back: Shifts center of gravity Compensates for various configurations

21. EDGE™ Equipment Cage Assembly Foam Isolators: Secure Cage Inside Fuselage Protective Cage: Carbon or Aluminum Rods Components will attach either directly to cage or the voids may be filled with a thin sheet of plastic/composite to mount equipment on

22. EDGE™ WING STRUCTURE Corey Kulcu-Roca

23. EDGE™ Skin Materials Monokote Fiberglass Carbon /Kevlar Carbon fine weave

24. EDGE™ Wing Core Materials Foam Balsa Wood Carbon Ribs Honeycomb Carbon Rod

25. EDGE™ Wing Materials Comparison Skin MaterialBenefitsDisadvantages Monokoteweightstrength cost adhesion to honeycomb Fiberglassstrengthfabrication adhesion to honeycomb Carbon/Kevlar sockextra strengthweight no wing core adhesion to honeycomb fabrication Carbon (fine weave)strengthfabrication weightcost adhesion to honeycomb Core MaterialBenefitsDisadvantages Foamcoststrength weight fabrication Balsa Woodcoststrength weightfabrication Carbon rodsweightassembly strength Carbon ribsweightassembly strength Honeycombextra strengthfabrication weightcost assembly

26. EDGE™ PROPULSION Brian David

27. EDGE™ Propulsion Components Motor –7.8 V –32000 RPM –5.7 W –.8 oz Battery –7.4 V –600 mAh –1.3 oz Propeller –5.1x4.5 APC E –Hub ID =.25” –.00125 oz

28. EDGE™ Propulsion Calculations Thrust –7.40*.60=4.44 W –4.44/4.70=.947 –.947*32000=30230 RPM –Max RPM = 190000/D = 37255 RPM –30230 < 37255 OK –From thrust calc: Thrust at 30230 RPM = 1.66 Kg Power to weight ratio –Max Thrust / Max Weight –1.66 / 1.5 = 1.1

29. EDGE™ Flight Time Full Throttle –P / V = current draw –4.7 W / 7.8 V =.603 A –600 mAh /.603 A = 59.7 min –4.8 V cutoff voltage –7.4 / 4.8 = 1.54 –59.7 min / 1.54 = 38.8 min

30. EDGE™ MANUFACTURABILITY Joe Chow

31. EDGE™ Concept Development- Structure Diagram MAV Propeller Nose Cone Fuselage + Tail Stock Wings (2) Motor Cage L. Horizontal Stabilizers R. Horizontal Stabilizers Vertical Stabilizers Servos Aileron Elevator Rudder Electronics SA-1 SA-2-1 SA-2-2 SA-2-3 SA-2-4 SA-2 SA-3

32. EDGE™ RISK ASSESSMENT Concept Development

33. EDGE™ Concept Development- Risk Assessment Risk Possible Consequence Probability Of RiskSeverity Of RiskOverall RiskContingency Plan (H/M/L) Materials are too heavy once built The motor does not support the weight, therefore the plane cannot fly. MHM Review and design based on past MAV projects, since it was quite successful before. Vehicle does not survive crash test Microcontrollers and other components may be damaged during actual flight LHM Microcontroller will not be flown in plane until it survives the crash test. All electronics will be placed in a cage, that is reinforced by durable materials.

34. EDGE™ Concept Development- Risk Assessment Risk Possible Consequence Probability Of RiskSeverity Of RiskOverall RiskContingency Plan (H/M/L) Components do not fit inside plane Vital Functions ( Flight Control) may be lost LML Revise design of vehicle. Search for smaller components or components that multi task Design is too complex Undergrads may not be able to benefit from project. Vehicle may not be possible to build with current resources LML May have to sacrifice performance for design simplicity

35. EDGE™ Concept Development- Risk Assessment Risk Possible Consequence Probability Of RiskSeverity Of RiskOverall RiskContingency Plan (H/M/L) Budget runs out Unable to procure necessary materials and resources LML Find alternate source of funding or fundraser Power Source Calculation Error Power source does not support the actual power needed, therefore, the plane cannot fly. LML In addition to the experts on the team, previous years calculations were also reviewed.

36. EDGE™ Concept Development- Risk Assessment Risk Possible Consequence Probability Of Risk Severity Of RiskOverall RiskContingency Plan (H/M/L) Wings are not symmetrical Plane will either not fly or the maneuverability of the plane will be affected. This is so because of unbalanced moment and improper flight dynamics MHM Detailed Drawings of the wings will be completed. Also a mold of the wings will be made. Poor wing construction/ tolerances The plane will either not get much lift or will fail to take off. LMM Calculations for wing structure will be calculated and simulated through simulations program. Then the actual structure will be tested at the Wind Tunnels Facility.

37. EDGE™ Concept Development- Risk Assessment Risk Possible Consequence Probability Of RiskSeverity Of RiskOverall RiskContingency Plan (H/M/L) Wing to Fuselage Joint Fails or misaligned Wings will be crooked, therefore flight will be unstable or fail during flight. It might not even fly also. LHM Design one piece wing Power Requirements too high Will need to spend a lot of money on a bigger battery or alternate power source, which might increase the weight of the plane. MMM The minimum amount of electronics will be used in the plane. Also, EE's will be assigned for the P09122 project.

38. EDGE™ Concept Development- Risk Assessment Risk Possible Consequence Probability Of RiskSeverity Of RiskOverall RiskContingency Plan (H/M/L) Platform is unstable Maneuverability of the plane will be affected or it could fail during flight. Controls group may fail. MHM Platform specifications will be simulated for verification. Also, the platform will be tested in the Wind Tunnels Facility. Poor communication w/ P09122 P09122 will buy a premade RC Plane platform and not use our current platform. LHM Talks between the current team members and the members of P09122 are always taking place.

39. EDGE™ Concept Development- Risk Assessment Risk Possible Consequence Probability Of RiskSeverity Of RiskOverall RiskContingency Plan (H/M/L) Poor electronics design Sensors, accelerometers and cameras will not function properly, therefore information cannot be obtained. HHH EE's will be assigned to the electronics part of the project. Too much drag Plane will either not fly or it will not sustain in flight for the required amount of time. LHL Calculations, simulations and the professor's guidance will be utilized in designing and manufacturing of the platform.

40. EDGE™ Concept Development- Risk Assessment Risk Possible Consequence Probability Of RiskSeverity Of RiskOverall RiskContingency Plan (H/M/L) Fuselage Crooked and stabilizers are placed in the incorrect location Aerodynamics of plane will be affected, therefore, more calibrations will be needed to be done. LML Careful calculation will be made and the fuselage will be placed with part of the sides overlapping with the tail stock. Therefore, it will be aligned with the tail stock. Cage Assy. Too Heavy More motor power will be needed to start and sustain the plane in flight. The plane might not fly either. LML We will use a more powerful motor to cover for the extra weight. Also electrical equipment could be taken out.

41. EDGE™ Concept Development- Risk Assessment Risk Possible Consequence Probability Of RiskSeverity Of RiskOverall RiskContingency Plan (H/M/L) Low thrust The plane will not be able to fly or sustain in flight for the required amount of time. Plane might also crash. LHL Calculations will be monitored by experienced engineers and the mentor. Low Flight time More calculations and modifications to the specification of the plane will be needed. Also larger batteries will be needed, therefore increase in weight. LML Analyze plane structure, power issues and weight issues.

42. EDGE™ Concept Development- Risk Assessment Risk Possible Consequence Probability Of RiskSeverity Of RiskOverall RiskContingency Plan (H/M/L) Servo Fail Maneuverability of the plane will be affected and also defective servo motor. Could lead to crash LML Servo will be returned and replaced. Placement of the servo will be re-calculated Control Surface Missaligned The aerodynamics of the surface will be affected, therefore affecting the performance of the plane. It also prompts for improper flight control response. MMM Simulation and tests will be done before any real tests takes place.

43. EDGE™ Concept Development- Risk Assessment Risk Possible Consequence Probability Of RiskSeverity Of RiskOverall RiskContingency Plan (H/M/L) Cage moves inside plane There will be a shift in center of gravity. MHM Composites will be used to reinforce the placement of the cage and a mold will be placed to make sure that it doesn't move.

44. EDGE™ SCHEDULE Concept Development

45. EDGE™ Concept Development- Project Schedule

46. EDGE™ Concept Development- Project Schedule

47. EDGE™ THANK YOU