1. Wireless Networking (WLAN) Reina Trujillo Nathan Ekenberg

2. Overview Uses of WLAN’s professions who benefit from WLAN’s Communication Medians Current Concerns typical connection sequence CSPD Wireless Network goals benefit security issues Future of Wireless Networks

3. Uses of WLAN’s Users constantly on the move University Environment students moving from building to building Medical Profession Doctor’s and nurses A number of others in particular CSPD

4. Types of communication Infrared remote controls Limitations direct line a single room interference from sun fluorescent lights No license required high data transfer rate

5. Radio Frequency (RF) increased capabilities signal penetrates floors and walls increase size increase capabilities Two types of RF Frequency Hoping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) standard chosen by IEEE 802.11

6. DHSS vs FHSS DHSS split each byte into several pieces similar to packets send pieces concurrently use different frequencies 2.4 Ghz spectrum 2 Mbps transfer rate

7. FHSS also split each byte into pieces send short bursts of data “hop” to a different frequency send short burst of data 2 Mbps rate also uses 2.4 Ghz spectrum

8. Current concerns Security sending of sensitive information use data encryption Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) based on wired network encryption algorithms encrypts data only those with a “key” are able to decrypt and read standard in the IEEE 802.11 protocol

9. interference cordless phones (2.4 Ghz) inefficient and unreliable slow connection speeds

10. send/receive procedure Sender Receiver RTS CTS DATA ACK Ready to Send (RTS) Clear to Send (CTS) 1. Listen to see if someone is currently transmitting - yes, wait a random amount of time before trying again - no, send a RTS signal (will allow the station to gain exclusive access) RTS will contain the destination address 2. The destination will receive the RTS and then send a message of it’s own, a CTS message 3. Sender sends the data 4. Receiver sends a ACK message to sender

11. CSPD Wireless Network Use of WLAN to: share tactical information share records data internal communications communicate with external agencies provide better response services

12. Goals Correct documented network vulnerabilities Correct information system security problems network segmentation for optimum security improve access to CSPD and City information systems

13. Benefits Increased security for shared applications improved operational efficiency access to military and intelligence systems timely support for network and security problems

14. Security Issues Exposure of SQL databases to Internet Inadequate protection for new eGovernment Web Applications No Intrusion Detection System (IDS) against hackers and rogue applications Contain sensitive information undercover officer identification compromised investigations could be compromised tactical planning files could be compromised

16. Future Increase transfer rates new protocols currently being tested bluetooth HiperLan1 ETSI standard rates up to 23.5 Mbps HiperLan2 ETSI standard rates up to 56 Mbps reduce interference use the 5Ghz spectrum