1. MONITORING EARTH’S CLIMATE SYSTEM & PLANETARY ENERGY BUDGET

2. Spatial and Temporal Scales of Climate Climate Anomalies Climate Observations In Situ Remote Sensing Satellite Observations Climate Models Radiation Laws Solar Radiation-sun-Earth relationships Atmospheric Effects on Insolation Ozone Depletion Greenhouse Effect Net Radiation, Equilibrium, Climate Change

4. Anomaly: deviation from the mean

6. VISIBLE IMAGE APRIL 12, 2010

7. INFRARED IMAGE APRIL 12, 2010

8. WATER VAPOR IMAGE 4/12/10

9. http://climate.nasa.gov/Eyes/eyes.html NASA’s Suite of Orbiting Earth Observing Satellites

10. CLIMATE FORECASTING http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/

13. The Electromagnetic Spectrum Figure 2.6

14. Solar and Terrestrial Energy Figure 2.7 Wien’s Law Stefan- Boltzmann Law

17. Equinox, Solstices

18. Seasonal Observations Figure 2.15

20. Daylength vs. Latitude

21. SOLAR CONSTANT The rate at which solar radiation falls on a flat unit area perpendicular to the sun’s rays at the top of the atmosphere. 1.97 cal/cm 2 /min 1368 W/m 2

22. ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS ON SOLAR RADIATION, TERRESTRIAL RADIATION

23. REFLECTION SCATTERING ABSORPTION

24. Albedo and Reflection Figure 3.5

27. Antarctic Ozone Hole Figure FS 2.1.1

28. Greenhouse effect

30. Mauna Loa Carbon Dioxide Measurements (the Keeling Curve)