1. A brief summary of thermodynamic properties of various ternary systems investigated by EMF and Calorimetric method Sabine Knott and Adolf Mikula Institute of Inorganic Chemistry-Materials Chemistry Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria

2. Investigated Systems EMF and Calorimetry EMF Calorimetry AlSnZn AgSnZn CuSnZn BiInZn BiSn AgBiSn CuInZn PdSnZn CuIn BiInSn CuInSn AgAuSn AuCuSn AgAlSn 14 binary and ternary systems

3. EMF Measurements Partial Quantities __ ΔG = -zFE  = exp (ΔG/RT ) Gibbs Helmholtz Equation __ ΔH = -z(∂E/∂T)F-zFE __ ΔS = z(∂E/∂T)F

4. EMF Apparatus Electrodes: Mo or W wire Quartz container Valve for evacuation sample Liquid electrolyte LiCl/KCl/XCly (X= Al, Zn, Sn), (y=2,3)

5. EMF Measurements Integral Quantities Gibbs-Duhem Equation x ΔG E M =(1-x x )[ΔG E M,x=0 + ∫  dx x ] y/z 0 __ Δ G E x = RT ln  x  = ln  x / (1-x x ) 2

6. Drop Calorimetry Setaram Microcalorimeter 200-1000°C, automatic sample device (max. 30 drops/measurement) controller/data aquisition with LabView, evaluation with HiQ Calibration with NIST-sapphire

7. Calorimetry H Signal = n i. (H sample,FT -H sample,DT ) + H Reaction __ ΔH i = (H Signal /n i ) – (H sample,FT -H sample,DT ) ΔH MIX =H bin + ΣH Reaction /(n+Σn i )

8. Redlich Kister Muggianu Polynom Isoenthalpy lines of the ternary Cu-In-Sn system at 1073 K L ν i,j binary interaction parameter M ternary interaction parameter

9. Pd─Sn─Zn

10. Bi─In─Zn Calorimetry, 500°CEMF, 600°C

11. Bi─In─Zn Enthalpy of mixing measured by EMF and Calorimetry Y Djaballah, L Bennour, F Bouharkat and A Belgacem-Bouzida Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 13 (2005) 361–369

12. BiInZn Calorimetric measurement EMF measurement

13. Bi─In─Zn Y Djaballah, L Bennour, F Bouharkat and A Belgacem-Bouzida Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 13 (2005) 361–369

14. Ternary AgAuSn System Verschiedene Modelle: Extrapolationsmodelle nach Toop, Muggianu und Kohler Chou Modell Dragana Živković, Dragan Manasijević, Živan Živković, J. of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, (2004) 39(1), 63-76 Z.Li, M.Dallegri, S.Knott, ccepted for publication in J. of Alloys and Compounds

15. Ag-Bi-Sn vertical cross section Ag:Bi = 1:1 Δ-heating curve  -cooling curve Calcs based on [01Oht] Calcs based on [94Kat]

16. Cu-In 973K 1073K, 1373K

17. CuInSn Phase Diagram at different temperatures Liu et al., J. Electronic Materials, 30(9), 2001, 1093 Experimental Procedure: Calorimetric Measurements at 1073 K and 973 K

18. Comparison Cu-In-Sn Kalorimetrie vs. Knudsen A. Popovic, L. Bencze, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 255 (2006) 41–49

19. Wetting angles Systems: CuInSn, 5 at.%Cu AgCuSn 17 different alloys Copper and Nickel substrate Collophonium flux

20. Acknowledgements Dr. Zuoan Li FWF P16491–N11 FWF P19469–N19 COST 531

21. Thank you for your attention