Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Carbohydrates. A Few Questions 1) What is the general term used for the simplest carbohydrates? 2) What structural difference is found in the straight.

Published by Modified over 9 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Carbohydrates. A Few Questions 1) What is the general term used for the simplest carbohydrates? 2) What structural difference is found in the straight."— Presentation transcript:

1 Carbohydrates

2 A Few Questions 1) What is the general term used for the simplest carbohydrates? 2) What structural difference is found in the straight chain forms of D-Glucose and D-Fructose? 3) What causes lactose intolerance? 4) What are three differences between glycogen and cellulose? 5) What are lectins and what are some processes they mediate?

3 What are Carbohydrates? Polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones Polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones usually have “ose” suffix Simple sugars Simple sugarsMonosaccharidesDisacccharides Complex carbohydrates Complex carbohydratesOligosaccharidesPolysaccharides

4 Functions of Carbohydrates Stored chemical energy (oxidized to release energy) Stored chemical energy (oxidized to release energy) Component of nucleotides Component of nucleotides nucleic acids – DNA and RNA coenzymes – NADH, coenzyme A……. Structural role (ie cell walls) Structural role (ie cell walls) Linked to proteins and lipids Linked to proteins and lipids cell surface recognition points

5 Monosaccharides Foundational building block of carbohydrates Foundational building block of carbohydrates (C-H 2 O) n n = 3-9 typically (C-H 2 O) n n = 3-9 typically “carbon hydrate” Typically D enantiomer Typically D enantiomer What causes this? Why is it important? Straight chain form or cyclic form Straight chain form or cyclic form

6 Aldoses (trioses to hexoses)

7 Ketoses (trioses to hexoses)

8 Pyranose vs Furanose 6 membered ring 5 membered ring

9 Forms of D-Glucose

10 Forms of D-Fructose

11 Cyclic form of D-Ribose

12 Glycosidic Bonds

13 Sugar Phosphorylation Traps them within the cell (anionic) Makes them more reactive

14 Disaccharides Maltose

15 Disaccharides

16 Lactose Intolerance What is it? What is it? What causes it? What causes it? How do we deal with it? How do we deal with it?

17 Polysaccharides - Starch Amylose (  -1,4) Amylopectin (  -1,4 with  -1,6 about every 30)

18 Polysaccharides - Glycogen (  -1,4 with  -1,6 about every 10)

19 Polysaccharides - Cellulose (  -1,4 linkages giving a very linear structure) Dietary fiber

20 Glycoproteins O-linked vs N-linked

21 Lectins Mediate cell-cell interaction (ie in development and wound healing)

22 Lectins can mediate bacterial and viral infection

23 Selectins L – on lymphocytes and mediate binding to lymph node vessels (also mediate embryonic implantation) E – on circulating cells binding to endothelium P – on activated blood platelets

Download ppt "Carbohydrates. A Few Questions 1) What is the general term used for the simplest carbohydrates? 2) What structural difference is found in the straight."

Similar presentations

Carbohydrates Objectives: Ability to define the term biological chemicals Understand the structure & classification of carbohydrates Knowledge of the functions.

Carbohydrates Objectives: Ability to define the term biological chemicals Understand the structure & classification of carbohydrates Knowledge of the functions.
Chapter 16 Carbohydrates

Chapter 16 Carbohydrates
Biological Molecules ‘what you need to know!’.

Biological Molecules ‘what you need to know!’.
Chapter 17: Carbohydrates

Chapter 17: Carbohydrates
CH 7: Carbohydrates. First Biochemistry Chapter Biochemistry – study of substances found in living organisms and their interactions with each other Most.

CH 7: Carbohydrates. First Biochemistry Chapter Biochemistry – study of substances found in living organisms and their interactions with each other Most.
They can be regarded as the complexes of carbon and water. Carbohydrate is a type of organic compounds Containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Because.

They can be regarded as the complexes of carbon and water. Carbohydrate is a type of organic compounds Containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Because.
Introduction to Biochemistry Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are a major source of energy from our diet. composed of the elements C, H and O. also called.

Introduction to Biochemistry Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are a major source of energy from our diet. composed of the elements C, H and O. also called.
Case Western Reserve University

Case Western Reserve University
Chapter 18 Carbohydrates. Goals Distinguish and describe mono, di, oligo, and polysaccharides Classify and name monosaccharides Know D aldose and ketose.

Chapter 18 Carbohydrates. Goals Distinguish and describe mono, di, oligo, and polysaccharides Classify and name monosaccharides Know D aldose and ketose.
Carbohydrates What are they? –Sugars, starches & much more –Most abundant molecules on Earth –End products of photosynthesis.

Carbohydrates What are they? –Sugars, starches & much more –Most abundant molecules on Earth –End products of photosynthesis.
Carbohydrates (saccharides) Organic biomolecules: 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates (saccharides) Organic biomolecules: 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic acids.
Carbohydrates and Glycobiology Carbohydrate function and classification Monosaccharides –Chemical structure and properties –Linear and cyclized forms –Common.

Carbohydrates and Glycobiology Carbohydrate function and classification Monosaccharides –Chemical structure and properties –Linear and cyclized forms –Common.
1 Chapter 12 Outline 12.1 Monosaccharides - Aldose and ketose -Glyceraldehyde, Stereoisomers (Mirror image = enantiomer), D and L isomers of Glyceraldehyde.

1 Chapter 12 Outline 12.1 Monosaccharides - Aldose and ketose -Glyceraldehyde, Stereoisomers (Mirror image = enantiomer), D and L isomers of Glyceraldehyde.
Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate metabolism (Chemistry of Carbohydrate ) Objective: Understand classification and structure of carbohydrates Understand multistep.

Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate metabolism (Chemistry of Carbohydrate ) Objective: Understand classification and structure of carbohydrates Understand multistep.
AP Biology Macromolecules. AP Biology Macromolecules  Smaller organic molecules join together to form larger molecules Macromolecules  4 major classes.

AP Biology Macromolecules. AP Biology Macromolecules  Smaller organic molecules join together to form larger molecules Macromolecules  4 major classes.
Chapter 5: Macromolecules Macromolecules A large molecule in a living organism –Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids Polymer- long molecules built.

Chapter 5: Macromolecules Macromolecules A large molecule in a living organism –Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids Polymer- long molecules built.
Biochemistry Unit.  Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.  The basic unit is called a monosaccharide and includes glucose, fructose,

Biochemistry Unit.  Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.  The basic unit is called a monosaccharide and includes glucose, fructose,
CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates are a major energy source for living organisms Carbohydrates always have a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Mitochondria.

CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates are a major energy source for living organisms Carbohydrates always have a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Mitochondria.
Carbohydrates. Structure and Function How do we define a carbohydrate? aldehydes or ketones with multiple hydroxyl groups “hydrate” of carbon – C-H 2.

Carbohydrates. Structure and Function How do we define a carbohydrate? aldehydes or ketones with multiple hydroxyl groups “hydrate” of carbon – C-H 2.
The Molecules of Life Day 1 - Carbohydrates. MOLECULES OF LIFE organic molecules –Are molecules containing carbon –Macromolecules (“large molecules) made.

The Molecules of Life Day 1 - Carbohydrates. MOLECULES OF LIFE organic molecules –Are molecules containing carbon –Macromolecules (“large molecules) made.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google