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Work Tests to Evaluate Performance
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Factors That Contribute to Physical Performance
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What the Athlete Gains From Physiological Testing Information regarding strengths and weaknesses –Can serve as baseline data to plan training programs Feedback regarding effectiveness of training program Understanding about the physiology of exercise
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Effective Physiological Testing Relevant to the sport Valid and reliable Sport-specific Repeated at regular intervals Carefully controlled procedures Interpreted to the coach and athlete
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Testing of Maximal Aerobic Power VO 2max testing –Should be specific to athlete’s sport –Should use large muscle groups –Optimal test length: 10-12 minutes Criteria of VO 2max –Respiratory exchange ratio 1.15 –HR in last stage 10 beatsmin -1 of HR max –Plateau in VO 2 with increasing work rate
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Determining VO 2max
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Testing Peak VO 2 in Paraplegic Athletes Paraplegic athletes can be tested using arm exercise –Arm ergometers –Wheelchair ergometers Highest VO 2 measured during arm exercise is not considered VO 2max –Called “peak VO 2 ”
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Laboratory Tests to Predict Endurance Performance Lactate threshold –Exercise intensity at which blood lactic acid begins to systematically increase –Blood samples taken during incremental exercise
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Lactate Threshold
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Ventilatory Threshold
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Critical power –Speed at which running speed/time curve reaches plateau
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Critical Power
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Peak running velocity –Highest speed that can be maintained for >5 seconds
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Predicting Performance From Peak Running Velocity
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Tests to Determine Running Economy Measurement of the oxygen cost of running at various speeds –Greater running economy reflected in lower oxygen cost Higher economy means that less energy is expended to maintain a given speed
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Running Economy
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Running Economy and LT Results From Incremental Exercise Test
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Estimating 10,000m Running Time Using LT and Running Economy VO 2 at LT –40 mlkg -1 min -1 VO 2 of 40 mlkg -1 min -1 –equals running speed of 205 mmin -1 Estimated 10,000m running time 10,000m 205 mmin -1 = 48.78 min
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Energy System Contribution to Maximal Exercise
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Determination of Maximal Anaerobic Power Ultra short-term tests Tests ATP-PC system Examples –Margaria power test Stair running –Jumping power tests –Running power tests Series of 40-yard dashes –Cycling power tests Short-term tests Tests anaerobic glycolysis Examples –Cycling tests Wingate test –Running tests –Sport-specific tests
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The Margaria Power Test
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Series of 40-yard Dashes to Test Anaerobic Power
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Evaluation of Muscular Strength Isometric measurement –Static force of muscle using tensiometer Isotonic measurement –Constant tension –1 RM lift, handgrip/back-lift dynamometer Isokinetic measurement –Variable resistance at constant speed Variable resistance devices –Variable resistance over range of motion
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Isometric Measurement Using Cable Tensiometer
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Isotonic Measurement Using Dynamometry
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Isokinetic Measurement of Strength Using Cybex Dynamometer
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Printout From Isokinetic Dynamometer
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