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PROTECTION AND SUBSIDIES: WHAT ARE WE CUTTING? Sector Import tariff (tms) Output subsidies (to) export subsidies (txs) Land related input subsidies (tfdland), part of greenbox Grains23.220.5318.91-87.53 Oilseeds0.0031.823.18-79.41 Cotton0.0027.072.71-22.15 OthCrops9.040.919.87-15.56 Livestock1.430.131.71-8.50 Dairy23.91-0.0219.310.00 Sugar88.26-0.0789.730.00 OthFood13.98-2.0913.850.00 Average19.987.2919.91-26.64
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Welfare gains
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Change in farm income
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Output and price changes Grains: EU decrease (7.8 – 16.4%), fairly uniform increase in other countries (max 2.7% in DevAsia and MENA in Full & greenbox) Dairy: EU decrease (6.9 – 12.3%), high increase MENA, RAfrica, OthOECD (15 – 30%) Sugar: EU decrease (24 – 42 %), high increase OthSAmerica, RAfrica (15 – 38%) World price changes: fairly small, from 0 to 4.6 % (Oilseeds in Full & greenbox)
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EU Land allocation “green box”: removal changing land allocation Move from more distorted sectors to less
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Land rents Decreasing in the EU –Doha basic: 11.8%, Doha & greenbox: 59.4% –Full basic: 21.8%, Full & greenbox : 62.7% Increasing in other countries: –Doha: max 5% (OthSAm, OthOECD, Brazil) –Full: max 13% (Brazil, OthSAm), 8% (OthOECD), smaller elsewhere Land fixity
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Buyout scheme (PV at 10%, annual CAP cost 60 billion USD) Doha basic: 40 billion USD (less than 1 year worth of CAP) Doha & greenbox: 170 billion USD (2.8 years worth of CAP) Full basic: 79 billion USD (1.3 year worth of CAP) Full & greenbox: 228 billion USD (3.8 years worth of CAP)
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Lessons learnt Factors moving away from agriculture, TOT effect in manufacturing overtakes allocative efficiency effect Farm income in the EU decreases Land allocation changes Land rents decrease No NAMA
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