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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Many Roads To Home Paul Flynn
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing LAN Roads UTP STP Coaxial Fiber Optics
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Relies on cancellation to reduce EMI Precise specifications for the number of twists per braid Resistance = 100 ohms Be sure to handle & inspect our classroom sample of UTP
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Advantages Easy to install Least expensive of all media Small diameter of cable Proper termination procedures insures reliable connection
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Disadvantages More prone to EMI/RFI than any other cable Shortest allowable length of any other cable. Know these specs!!
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) All the advantages and disadvantages of UTP. Foil shields provide greater protection against EMI & RFI. Increased cost of cable Be sure to handle & inspect our classroom sample of STP Know these specs!!
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Coaxial Cable Advantages Longer cable runs than UTP & STP (up to 500m) Cheaper than using fiber for your backbone Technology is well known (Cable TV) Better at reducing EMI than UTP or STP
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Coaxial Cable Disadvantages Thickness of cable Copper shielding must be grounded at both ends of the connection No longer used as a LAN media
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Coaxial Cable Know these diagramed parts & their purpose Be sure to handle & inspect our classroom samples of coaxial cable Know these specs!!
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Fiber Optics Know these diagramed parts & their purpose Advantages Longer runs than any other cable (2km) Higher data rates than any other cable (>100Mbps) NO EMI!!
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Fiber Optics Disadvantages Very expensive!! Difficult to install Therefore, fiber is used only for backbone installations. Know these specs!!
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing The “Standards Guys” ISO—International Standards Organization IEEE—Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers TIA—Telecommunications Industry Association EIA—Electronics Industry Association UL—Underwriters Laboratories
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of ComputingTIA/EIA TIA & EIA issue standards together for technologies that involve both telecommunications & electronics. TIA & EIA have had the greatest impact on networking media standards TIA/EIA 568A is the cable standard we will use when making our cables
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing TIA/EIA 568A Overview Specifies cable performance & termination procedures for horizontal cabling Six categories (CAT 1 to CAT 6) CAT 5 media includes UTP, STP, Coaxial & Fiber CAT 5 UTP is most common
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Horizontal v. Vertical Cabling Horizontal Cabling includes all cabling that runs from work areas to the wiring closet. Example: All Cat 5 UTP cabling in this classroom is horizontal cabling Vertical Cabling is another name for backbone cabling. Example:The fiber optic cabling at Carroll High School is vertical cabling
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Horizontal Cabling (TIA/EIA 568A) Work Station (Patch Cable) Horizontal Cable Run Cross-Connect Jumpers (Patch Cable) 3m 90m 6m + + = 99m...or approx. 100 meters for CAT 5 UTP
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing IEEE 802.3 (10Base-T Ethernet) Emerged out of Hawaii’s need to connect islands (Aloha standard) Has become the “chosen” LAN technology Includes specifications for both Layer 1 & Layer 2 Your skill in 802.3 implementation will migrate to 100Base-TX & 1000Base-T
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing IEEE 802.3 Layer 1 Components Passive Components (do not add energy) Cabling Connectors Jacks Patch Panels Active Components (adds energy) Repeaters, Transceivers, & Hubs Let’s briefly look at each passive component
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing 10Base-T Cabling Cat 5 Cable is a Layer 1 component It carries bits! CAT 5 is the 10Base-T standard cable The twisting of wires limits signal degradation through cancellation. See Picture in Curriculum Page 5.4.3
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing 10Base-T Connectors Standard 10Base-T Termination is the Registered Jack-45 Similar to phone plug except the RJ-45 has 8 pins instead of 4 pins Reduces noise, reflection, & mechanical stability problems See Picture in Curriculum Page 5.4.2
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing 10Base-T Jacks RJ-45 Jacks have 8 conductors that match the RJ-45 plug’s connectors. See Picture in Curriculum Page 5.4.4
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing 10Base-T Patch Panels Patch panels are used to conveniently group a work area’s connections One side has a place for each RJ-45 plug The back side has punch down blocks that provide connectivity See Pictures in Curriculum Page 5.4.5
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of ComputingCollisions
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Collision Review Collisions occur in broadcast topologies where devices are attached to a shared media. Shared media is like shared highways. Layer 1 devices will not solve collision problems. Layer 1 devices simply extend collision domains
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Collision Domains Collision Domains are the area where collisions occur. Layer 1 devices will not separate (segment) collision domains. How many collision domains with… A repeater? A hub? A repeater and a hub?
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Collision Domain Segmentation Segmentation is the process of dividing a collision domain into two or more collision domains. Layer 1 devices will not segment a collision domain. Why? The only way to segment a collision domain is to use a device that can filter network traffic. What devices are capable of filtering?
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Topology Overview
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Linear Bus All nodes directly connected to one physical link
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of ComputingRing Each node connected only to adjacent nodes.
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of ComputingStar Advantage: all nodes can easily communicate Disadvantage: core node failure
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Extended Star Each end node of the core acts as its own star topology
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Hierarchical Topology Also called a tree topology No central node Two types: Binary Tree-each node splits off into two nodes Backbone Tree-like at Carroll High School Which type is this graphic?
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Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Complete Mesh What’s unique about this topology?
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Good Luck on the Test!!
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