1. Ch 13- American Pageant M. Carter

2. Election of 1824  John Q. Adams- Massachusetts  Henry Clay- Kentucky  William Crawford- Georgia  Andrew Jackson- Tennessee Most popular votes Failed to win the majority (less than 50%) of electoral votes

3. Phase II of the election  Henry Clay removed from ballot as lowest # electoral votes  William Crawford becomes ill  Henry Clay = Speaker of the House & most powerful member (influence)  House of Representatives decides the vote

4. “Corrupt Bargain”  Henry Clay hates Jackson  Adams wins the election  Adams names Clay Secretary of State  Jackson calls foul = a “corrupt bargain” had been made The Election of 1824

5. Election of 1828  John Q. Adams  Andrew Jackson  Voting along sectional lines  Mudslinging  Jackson won!

6. “Era of the Common Man”  HIGHER voter turnout Lower property qualifications for voters  Inauguration “King Mob”

7. “To the victory belong the Spoils”  Spoils System System of patronage Pre-existing Jackson took it to a new level Corruption & scandal ○ Million $ embezzlement

9. Tariff of Abominations (1828)  Protective Tariff  South MOST upset They did not manufacture goods = they now have to pay a high price the goods Struggling economically  South Carolina claimed the law was unconstitutional and unjust. Null & Void. They will not abide by it. Issue of state’s rights

10. Nullification Crisis  Jackson threatened to invade SC & hang nullifiers Including his OWN Vice President (Calhoun) Sent army & navy  Henry Clay- Compromise Reduction of tariff by 10%, gradually, over an 8 yr. period  Force Bill- Congress authorized the President to use ANY force necessary to collect the tariff.

11. Indian Relations  White Americans believed Native Americans should…  Assimilate into white society by “Christianizing” and “civilizing” through Education Agriculture

12. Cherokee  Settled in one particular area  Created a system of farming  Learned to read and write  Attended school  Developed an official alphabet  Organized the Cherokee National Council Legal code & written Constitution

13. 5 Civilized Tribes Seminoles

14. Legal Battle  GA declared Cherokee Tribal Council illegal Took over Indian Affairs & land  Cherokee Nation v. Georgia John Marshall SC upheld the rights of the Cherokee  Jackson Refused to accept the decision “John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it.”

15. Indian Removal Act Forced removal of 100,000 Indians Moved to the Indian Territory

16. “Trail Where They Cried”  Forced march of Cherokees from Georgia to the Indian Territory  2,200 mile land/water route  15,000 began  4,000- 8,000 deaths  June – December of 1838 http://www.cherokeemuseum.org/html/collections_tot.html

18. Fighting Back  Black Hawk War Sauk & Fox Black Hawk 1832  Seminoles Alongside escaped slaves Everglades  Both finally defeated

21. Bank of the United States  Unpopular among Jackson’s supporters  Bank of the elite, not the poor  Henry Clay 1832 Bank charter renewal- 4 yrs early Make “the bank” an election issue  Plan failed Jackson vetoed- called the Bank unconstitutional

23. Election of 1832  Jackson VS Clay  Biggest Issue: Bank  Clay rec’d campaign contributions as “life insurance” for the Bank  Jackson won- saw this as affirmation from the people to get rid of the BUS  Bank War Bank War

24. Why General, I never know’d You were a Doctor before No more I ain’t Major, but I read the “American Family Physician” and I know what kind of a dose to give to clean out a foul Stomach! What do you say to the application of my patent American System? I wonder how a few grains of Common Sense washed down with Boston Particulars would do? Oh! Dear Nick! I am dreadful sick! D*** Dr. Jackson! This is the effect of his last prescription! Dr. Your American System won’t do here. Desperate cases require desperate remedies– a few of the leaden pills of Nullification and some blood taken will suffice. Alas! No more fees!

25. Mechanics Bank Deposits Manhattan Bank Bank of America Order for the Removal of the Deposits Veto

26. “Old Hickory” kills the Bank  Future federal deposits went to “pet banks”  $$ in BUS used to pay gov’t bills  Removed some deposits **Guaranteed death of the BUS**

27. Jackson’s Bank Plan  Aggressive  Even considered unnecessary by own cabinet members (replaced)

28. Bank Panic  Caused by Biddle  Called in Bank loans  Tried to prove the importance of the BUS  Instead proved Jackson & supporters right BUS too powerful- too much influence on the economy of the US

29. Types of Banks  Federal $ deposited in state banks = “pet banks” = Pro-Jackson  “wildcat” banks= fly-by night operations Printer paper $$ Most common in the West

30. Effects of Bank Crisis  Unreliable currency (wildcat banks)  Inflation  Specie Circular- “hard currency”- Jackson Stopped speculation Panic of 1837

31. Satiric Bank Note, 1837 (p. 291)

32. Whig Party  Anti-Jackson Party (King Andrew I)  Henry Clay American System supporters  Daniel Webster  John C. Calhoun States’ Righters & Nullification  Northerners Industry & Merchants  Institutional Reform  True supporters of the “Common Man”

33. Election of 1836 Democrats- Martin Van Buren (Jackson’s “Yes” man) Whigs- ran several of America’s “favorite sons”

34. Whig Strategy  Run several candidates  Split the vote  Force the election to the House of Reps (no majority candidate)  House controlled by anti-Jacksonites  Failed! Van Buren won b/c of the division

35. Van Buren- inherited financial problems and exacerbated them by maintaining Jackson’s laissez-faire policy CAUSESEFFECTS  Land speculation  “wildcat” banks  Specie Circular  Bank War  Death of BUS  Agricultural problems  Financial problems abroad  *”Divorce Bill”  Banks collapse  Loss of federal funds  Ag. Prices dropped  Factories shut down  Unemployment  Homelessness  Loss of customs duties Lack of import/export PANIC OF 1837

37. Election of 1840  Democrat- Martin Van Buren  Whig- William Henry Harrison “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” War Hero No platform Log Cabins and Hard Cider campaign ○ Started by Van Buren ○ Intended to hurt Harrison