1. Keep in mind: 1. The importance of ethnicity and gender in U.S. 2. The relevance of different understandings of the institution of marriage in other parts in the World

2. Cohabitation is an emerging social norm - Regional differences within Europe (children born outside marriage vary from 9% to 62%). - Where is the trend more pronounced? Northern Southern Eastern Catholic versus non-catholic

3. - Do you think the U.S. government or U.S. states should grant cohabitors access to some or all of the rights and benefits of marriage? Why or why not? - Commitment to marriage, commitment to parenthood or both?

4. - Java is part of Indonesia (a developing country). - Important to take into account gender differences, urban-rural divide and marriage timing (not cohabitation).

5. - Rural; urban lower class; urban middle class. - Asian cultures with complex and contradictory practices. -Is it a Duh? (page 446) -In Java people marry at very young ages. But is it everybody or just a specific group? -Effects of urbanization and Westernization have produced more _______ ________.(p.448)

6. - Most marriages start with cohabitation experience. - Most cohabitations are _________ (duration). - Many cohabitors have children in the household. - Almost ____ of “non-marital” births are to cohabitors. - Trend toward more break-ups, fewer marriages. - Huge increase in cohabitation (in the last two decades).

7. 1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ - Who cohabits? ________________ - With what characteristics? - Ethnic differences?

8. Economic Explanations: - women’s changing role in the labor market Cultural Explanations: - rising individualism and secularism (religious adherence and involvement) Historical Explanations: - Sexual Revolution removed stigma of premarital sex Mutually Reinforcing Others?

9. Why? - Selection explanation - Experimental explanation - Lower marital quality and higher risk of divorce. - Is it a good thing? Cohabitors think it is, but…

10. - What changes with pregnancy? - How does it impact kids? - Of all cohabitors, _____% have plans to marry. Pathway to marriage versus substitute for marriage