1. Sustainable Development Managing for a healthy economy and healthy ecosystems UAU 101 Seminar 1

2. Sustainable Development “Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" Brundtland Commission “Our common future” 1987

3. Three Dimensions of SD Established Social Economic Environmental The challenge: Balancing economic development with social and environmental objectives Agenda 21 - from words to action, CSR

4. A huge dilemma Tradeoffs Owls vs. jobs Hydropower vs. landscape/nature

5. Science? Ethics? Role of science? Role of ethics, fairness?

6. How to resolve this? Clear Objective - Indicators Economic growth? Ecosystem health? Weak or strong SD? How to measure progress? Methodology to choose between options - when to allow development - when to regulate LCA, CBA, Risk analysis, CEA, Decision analysis Multicriteria analysis – always! Policy tool-box towards SD Command and control, market based, voluntary

7. Weak or strong SD Capital: produces a stream of goods and services into the future Financial capital Manufactured capital Human capital Natural capital Social capital

8. Weak or strong SD Weak sustainability; man made and natural capital substitutable. Sum must be non- declining Strong sustainability; man made and natural capital with limited substitutability, each stock must be non-declining separately

9. Weak or strong SD Input from the environment Resources Life support services Amenities Waste-sink

10. Value of Ecosystem Services Natural Capital Renewable; fish stock Nonrenewable; oil reserve Ecosystem Goods and Services Goods; harvest Services; carbon sequestration

11. How important is nature? Costanza (1997) Defined the value of selected ecosystem services to be as how much economic value renewable nature´s goods and services provide annually Conclusion was 16-54 trillion USD, with an average value of $33 trillion dollars per year. GWP was this year 25 trillion USD What does this mean?

12. How important is nature? Catskills watershed New York City derives its water from a watershed in the Catskills mountains Degradation of the Catskills watershed as a result of sewage, fertilizers and pesticides had reduced the efficiency of the water filtration process to the point that it was unable to provide the city with sufficiently clean water. Choices: Build a water filtration plant? Restore the ecosystem?

13. The Economy and the Environment

15. Cowboy Economy Romantic, Reckless Exciting Living on the edge - live for today Not realistic Not sustainable Boulding (1964)

17. Spaceship economy Earth is a spaceship (Boulding 1964) Limited reservoir of natural capital at each time Necessary to maintain for continued prosperity

18. Aiming for a holistic perspective