1. Reframing the Meaning of Democracy: The Globalization of Democratic Development, Viewed through the Paradigms of Political Science, Political Practice, and Political Philosophy Richard W. Chadwick

2. Political Theory Political DataPolitical Culture Political Science Political Philosophy Political Practice (praxis) Three Major Paradigms: Political Philosophy, Science, Praxis Three Minor Paradigms: Political Theory, Culture, Data

3. Models of the Possible Models of the Real Models of the Desirable SciencePhilosophy Practice (praxis) Theory, data, culture: semantic spaces within which are created models of the possible, real and desirable, respectively.

4. Political Theory Political Data Faith in Political Science Subculture Political Science: Goal: dissonance reduction between models of the possible and models of the real Practice (praxis) Theory driving data collection Collected data driving theory (grounded theory, hypothesis testing,…) Political Philosophy

5. Faith in Political Theory Political Data Political Subculture Political Practice: Goal: dissonance reduction between models of the real and models of the desirable PhilosophyScience “Reality” driving visions (“realistic” adjustment) Struggle to achieve political goals

6. Political Theory Faith in Political Data (“History” - past, present, future) Political Subculture Political Philosophy: Goal: dissonance reduction between models of the possible and models of the desirable Political Science Political Practice Develop political theory that makes the desirable possible (values driven theory development) Develop new culture model(s) consistent with theory

7. FearPolitical Stability Social Justice Repression Machiavellian cycle + + + + Liberal democracy cycle A Framework for Global Democratic Development, and Its Alternative

8. Social Justice: Stress (dissonance) reduction across Maslow’s Ends and Lasswell’s Means Values: Part I. Types of Dissonance (GDA Gaps) Drift (expectations) Theory Actual (perceptions) Data Goal(s) (needs, wants,hopes) Culture(s) Alienation (need for “affection”) Frustration (need for “achievement”) Disempowerment (need for “power”) science philosophy praxis

9. Self- actualization (fulfillment ) Self- respect (responsibility) Belongingness (love, affection, identities) Safety, security (anticipated survival) Physiological needs (survival) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Basic Needs, Prioritized by Equal Levels of Perceived Threatened Deprivation I II III IV V Lasswell’s Value Checklist: Social Means to Attaining Maslow’s Checklist of Basic Needs Attributes Relations Inner well-being rectitude enlightenment affection Outer wealth power skill respect