1. About Freud. Watch for the questions on Anna O. and on Jeffrey Masson questions on Anna O.Jeffrey Massonquestions on Anna O.Jeffrey Masson Lucie Johnson4-26-04

2. How to access the unconscious? From hypnosis From hypnosis To free association To free association To the study of dreams To the study of dreams To the observation of everyday life To the observation of everyday life To play therapy To play therapy

3. Studies in Hysteria: the Emergence of Method With Breuer(1842-1925), studied Anna O., aka Bertha Pappenheim With Breuer(1842-1925), studied Anna O., aka Bertha PappenheimBertha PappenheimBertha Pappenheim Phenomena observed: spontaneous trances, pathogenic ideas, catharsis, transference, hysterical pregnancy, the importance of repressed traumatic events Phenomena observed: spontaneous trances, pathogenic ideas, catharsis, transference, hysterical pregnancy, the importance of repressed traumatic events

4. Who is Anna O.? Did Breuer cure Anna? (Bertha Pappenheim) Did Breuer cure Anna? (Bertha Pappenheim) What is your theory as to why Anna O. became sick in the first place? What is your theory as to why Anna O. became sick in the first place? How do you think she got well? (given that Breuer ran away from her psudo- pregnancy) How do you think she got well? (given that Breuer ran away from her psudo- pregnancy)

5. From hypnosis to free association Freud was not a good hypnotist, hence got patients to relax instead. Freud was not a good hypnotist, hence got patients to relax instead. Induced free association by putting his hand on the patient’s forehead. Induced free association by putting his hand on the patient’s forehead. Theorized that, since the patient would remember what happened, the cure would be more stable than a hypnotic cure. Theorized that, since the patient would remember what happened, the cure would be more stable than a hypnotic cure.

6. The Interpretation of Dreams (1900). Dreams are universal -hence the unconscious is universal. Dreams are universal -hence the unconscious is universal. Dreams, in their LATENT CONTENT (as opposed to manifest content) reflect the workings of unconscious motivation. Dreams, in their LATENT CONTENT (as opposed to manifest content) reflect the workings of unconscious motivation.

7. Organization of the Personality In everyone then, there exists a primitive, instinctual layer of thought: the ID, which seeks to satisfy itself (pleasure principle). In everyone then, there exists a primitive, instinctual layer of thought: the ID, which seeks to satisfy itself (pleasure principle). The ID then encounters a limiting REALITY, and the EGO develops. The ID then encounters a limiting REALITY, and the EGO develops. The EGO encounters a limiting SOCIAL REALITY, and the SUPEREGO develops. The EGO encounters a limiting SOCIAL REALITY, and the SUPEREGO develops.

8. There is always conflict Health is a balance between the ID and the SUPEREGO. Health is a balance between the ID and the SUPEREGO. The superego can be too weak or too stringent. The superego can be too weak or too stringent.

9. Freud and the theory of recapitulation The id, for Freud, reflected a more primitive way of thinking. Primitive societies function more according to the id. The id, for Freud, reflected a more primitive way of thinking. Primitive societies function more according to the id. The superego builds civilization. The superego builds civilization. The child reflects this species development in his/her own development. The child reflects this species development in his/her own development.

10. Stages of Development Oral Oral Anal Anal Phallic (Oedipus and Electra conflicts) Phallic (Oedipus and Electra conflicts) Latency Latency Genital Genital

11. Childhood Seduction Were Freud’s patients in fact abused? Were their memories real? Were Freud’s patients in fact abused? Were their memories real? Current controversy: Current controversy: –About Jeffrey Masson’s work About Jeffrey Masson’s workAbout Jeffrey Masson’s work –Jeffrey Masson himself Jeffrey Masson Jeffrey Masson

12. What do you think? Is Jeffrey Masson right? Did Freud cave in to pressures when letting go of the seduction theory? Is Jeffrey Masson right? Did Freud cave in to pressures when letting go of the seduction theory?

13. Death and life In the later part of his career, Freud also emphasized the notion of LIFE instinct or EROS (in which he subsumed the LIBIDO -lit: I want- issuing from the ID) In the later part of his career, Freud also emphasized the notion of LIFE instinct or EROS (in which he subsumed the LIBIDO -lit: I want- issuing from the ID) He also developed the concept of DEATH instinct or THANATOS, a deep destructive tendency. In final analysis, he said, life is a detour toward death. He also developed the concept of DEATH instinct or THANATOS, a deep destructive tendency. In final analysis, he said, life is a detour toward death.

14. The End